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The aim of Physiology II is to gain good knowledge about the functions of the human body in health. The subject Physiology II is taught in the form of lectures, practical classes and seminars. Emphasis is mainly focesed on functional organization, on the mechanisms controlling the internal environment of the organism, interrelationships among the control of individual functions and on the coordination and integration of functions. During the seminars, students are actively involved in the discussion of the discussed topics, emphasis is also placed on problem-based learning and the ability to work in a team. The knowledges acquired during tuition of Physiology I and Physiology II are necessary for understanding of further subjects such as biochemistry, pharmacology, pathological physiology or internal medicine. Lectures: endocrine and reproductive physiology, physiology of gastrointestinal system (digestion and absorption of basic nutrients, regulation of secretion and motility), metabolism (energetic metabolism, intermediary metabolism), thermoregulation, biorhythms, physiology of the kidneys (glomerular and tubular processes, acid-base balance) and physiology of senses. Practical classes: physiology of cardiovascular system, respiratory system (spirometry, regulation of pulmonary ventilation), endocrine system (oral glucose tolerance test), metabolism (basal metabolic rate, nutritional status), kidneys (formation of concentrated and dilute urine, clearance) and sensory physiology (visual acuity, colour vision, perimetry, examination of hearing, audiometry, investigation of vestibular function). Last update: Česenková Tereza (12.09.2025)
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The aims: 1. the student acquires basic theoretical knowledge about the function of all systems in the human body to maintain the homeostasis of the organism Last update: Česenková Tereza (12.09.2025)
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Compulsory literature
Recommended literature
Last update: Česenková Tereza (12.09.2025)
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I. Practical classes 1. Students come properly prepared to perform the planned practical task(s) and know the theory immediately related to the task(s). 2. The extent of theoretical knowledge necessary for the practical class is outlined on Moodle or determined by the assistant. The extent of practical preparedness is given by instructions published via Moodle; alternatively, it might also be outlined by the assistant. 3. The beginning of practical exercises will usually be devoted to verifying your knowledge (see point 1). 4. If the assistant reveals a severe negligence of preparedness, such a student has an absence recorded. 5. Entry to the Department of Physiology (practical exercises and exam) will not be allowed to a student with obvious manifestations of health indisposition or symptoms of an acute infectious disease (body temperature of 37 °C and higher, cough, shortness of breath, etc.). Students can have their body temperature checked with a non-contact thermometer. 6. Personal electronic devices (mobile phones, players, etc.) are prohibited during practical exercises. The exception is using tablets for log entries or mobile phones for time measurement. The teacher must approve use for other extraordinary reasons. 7. After the practical exercise, students must clean the work surface. 8. All news, changes in teaching, and other important information will be published in Moodle News, so we recommend that all students subscribe to notifications about the physiology course. 9. These "Rules" may change if the nature of teaching changes (e.g., with regard to the current epidemic situation and applicable regulations). II. Protocols 1. Each student must write a report on the work performed. Students must bring the printed documents. The protocols are available in the Moodle information system. 2. Unless otherwise specified, the protocol is written during the practical exercise. 3. The protocol is structured; the student must complete all the required information. The protocol focuses on writing down the results and their evaluation. Suppose the results did not come within the physiological range. In that case, the possible causes, including potential errors, must be justified in the document. 4. Submission of all completely and correctly completed protocols is one condition for receiving credit in the winter and summer semesters. In case of absence, the student must submit a completed protocol with a note on the absence (the student will find out the results from colleagues and complete their own evaluation). III. Seminars 1. Seminars are intended to encourage the more profound repetition of current topics and student consultations with the teacher. 2. In Moodle, questions are prepared for each seminar, and predetermined students prepare an answer in the range of 1-2 minutes of recitation from memory (without using any materials). These answers can also serve as a theoretical basis for discussing and analyzing clinical cases within the seminar. 3. An integral part of the conclusion of the seminars is a test covering the issues of the given area of physiology (see point IV b). IV. Obtaining a credit Credit will be given to a student who has met the attendance requirements, submitted all the completed protocols and achieved an average result of ≤ 3.0 from all tests for the semester. a) Attendance 1. Students are required to attend all practical (laboratory) classes and seminars. Three absences are tolerated (the first two without the need for an apology). The third absence must be evidenced by a medical report or other official document (official representation of the faculty, summons) no later than 48 hours after the missed lesson (fyziols@lfhk.cuni.cz with the indication "Absence"). In the case of a larger number of absences, the duration and reason for the absence will be assessed by the course guarantor, who will decide whether to grant credit or not. 2. Late arrivals for any reason or the arbitrary abandonment of the class will be considered absences. Late arrivals are not tolerated. 3. Replacement of classes with another group are only possible for serious reasons and are not guaranteed. You must request the replacement by email at fyziols@lfhk.cuni.cz at least two working days before the class(see Q&A Moodle). 4. ISP students who have obtained credit only in Physiology I must attend the entire course in the summer semester to receive credit for Physiology II. 5. ISP students who have obtained credit in Physiology I and II must attend only the seminars with the test in the summer semester. b) Tests 1. A test at the end of each seminar verifies your knowledge of the given system's issues. The dates of the tests are published in the study plan for the semester and group on Moodle. The test consists of 20 questions, for which there is a choice of 4 answers, and at least one answer is always correct. Test classification: 1 = 90 – 100%, 2 = 75 – 89.99%, 3 = 60 – 74.99%, 4 < 60%. 2. With the result of 4 (failed), the student can sign up for a correction date via Moodle. The dates are 14.11., 28.11 and 12.12. from 2:15 p.m., other dates will be at the last practice of the semester and during the exam period. Each test can be corrected a maximum of two times. 3. Cheating in any way during the test is forbidden; if caught, the test will be classified as 4 (failed), and a suggestion will be announced to the Disciplinary Committee. 4. The condition for granting credit is that the average of all tests for the semester is ≤ 3.0 (the grade from the last attempt of each test is included in the average). 5. A separate evaluation of the ECG will verify the basics of knowledge of ECG scanning and evaluation. The result will be included in the average of the tests in the summer semester. The ECG evaluation can be repeated a maximum of two times. V. Exam 1. The exam takes place in person. The regular exam date consists of an entrance test and an oral part. With an entrance test result of <50%, the student is graded 4 (failed) without the possibility of the oral part of the exam. Correction dates are oral only. 2. Only students who have received credits for the winter and summer semesters can apply for the exam. Registration and deregistration for the exam take place exclusively via the SIS system. The number of announced dates for a regular term considers the total number of students. 3. Cheating in any way (see Q&A Moodle) or communicating with other students is forbidden during the exam. If a student is caught violating this rule, they will be classified as "failed". He or she will be announced to the Disciplinary Committee of the Faculty for fraudulent conduct while taking the exam. 4. After drawing questions, it is not allowed to leave the room where the student is preparing for the exam. In an emergency, the student can leave the room with an escort. 5. Detailed information about the exam will be published in the summer semester. Last update: Česenková Tereza (12.09.2025)
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Lectures Prof. MUDr. Michaela Adamcová, Ph.D.
19.2. Mechanisms of hormonal action. 21.2. Thyroid gland. 26.2. Adrenal cortex II (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and adrenal androgens). Stress. 11.3. Exocrine portion of pancreas, composition of pancreatic juice, regulation of secretion. 11.3. Liver and biliary system, composition of bile, regulation of biliary secretion. Function of gallbladder. 18.3. Gastric motility, gastric emptying. Vomiting. 25.3. Energy metabolism I (free energy of the food, respiratory quotient, basal metabolic rate, measurement of the metabolic rate). 26.3. Energy metabolism II (free energy of the food, respiratory quotient, basal metabolic rate, measurement of the metabolic rate). 22.4. Vitamins and minerals in the food. 22.4. Renal functional anatomy, renal circulation, kidney functions. 23.4. Glomerular filtration. Tubular functions. 30.4. Stimulus, receptor and generator potential, adaptation of receptors. 30.4. Vision I. 6.5. Vision II.
Practical clasees and seminars Prof. MUDr. Michaela Adamcová, Ph.D. Prof. MUDr. Zuzana Červinková, CSc. Mgr. Jan Dušek, Ph.D. Moustafa Elkalaf, MBBch, Ph.D. Prof. MUDr. Milan Holeček, CSc. Doc. MUDr. Otto Kučera, Ph.D. Doc. MUDr. Halka Lotková, Ph.D. MUDr. Tumisang Maseko Ph.D. Mgr. Pavla Staňková, Ph.D. MUDr. Václav Šafka, Ph.D.
Seminars
Last update: Česenková Tereza (12.09.2025)
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Entry requirements: prerequisites: Anatomy II (FGP003) Last update: Česenková Tereza (12.09.2025)
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