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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Galileo, Descartes and Newton as founders of mathematical physics - NMAG167
Title: Galileo, Descartes a Newton jako tvůrci matematické fyziky
Guaranteed by: Department of Algebra (32-KA)
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Actual: from 2023
Semester: winter
E-Credits: 3
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: not taught
Language: Czech
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Guarantor: prof. RNDr. Ladislav Kvasz, DSc., Dr.
Class: M Bc. MMIT > Doporučené volitelné
M Bc. OM > Doporučené volitelné
Annotation -
Last update: doc. Mgr. et Mgr. Jan Žemlička, Ph.D. (27.06.2022)
The aim of the course will be the analysis of selected works of Galileo Galilei, René Descartes and Isaac Newton from the point of view of the gradual construction of the mathematical apparatus of physics. We will show what innovations in mathematics were needed for the creation of the mathematical description of motion.
Course completion requirements - Czech
Last update: doc. Mgr. et Mgr. Jan Žemlička, Ph.D. (27.06.2022)

Předmět je zakončen napsáním eseje.

Literature -
Last update: doc. Mgr. et Mgr. Jan Žemlička, Ph.D. (27.06.2022)

Clavelin, M. (1968): The Natural Philosophy of Galileo. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1974.

Cohen, I. B. (1980): The Newtonian Revolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Descartes: Princípy filozofie. Pravda, Bratislava 1987

Drake, S. (1978): Galileo at Work: His Scientific Biography, New York.

Ducheyne, Steffen (2012): The Main Business of Natural Philosophy, Isaac Newton’s Natural-Philosophical Methodology. Springer, Dordrecht.

Galilei: Dialóg o dvoch systémoch sveta, Vydavateěastvo SAV, Bratislava 1962

Garber, Daniel (1992): Descartes’ metaphysical physics, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Koyré: Od uzavřeného světa k nekonečnému vesmíru. Vyšehrad Praha 2004.

Kvasz: Zrod vedy ako lingvistická udalosť, Filosofia, Praha 2013

Mach, E. (1883): Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1897.Anglický překlad: The Science of Mechanics,

A Critical and Historical Exposition of Its Principles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013.

Newton, I. (1972): Philosophiae naturalis Principia mathematica, ed. A. Koyré and I. B. Cohen, Cambridge.

Patočka, J. (1964): Aristoteles, jeho předchůdci a dědicové. Nakladatelství ČSAV, Praha.

Shea, W. R. (1991): The Magic of Numbers and Motion, The Scientific Career of René Descartes Science History Publications.

Westfall, R. S. (1993): The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: doc. Mgr. et Mgr. Jan Žemlička, Ph.D. (27.06.2022)

Předmět je zakončen napsáním eseje na vybrané téma z historie matematiky.

Syllabus -
Last update: doc. Mgr. et Mgr. Jan Žemlička, Ph.D. (27.06.2022)

1. Traditional description of motion in Aristotelian physics and the problem of its mathematization

2. Aristotle's conception of motion as geometrical transition

3. The Copernican system and its implicit conflict with Aristotelian physics

4. Galileo, his life and his astronomical discoveries

5. Galileo's conception of motion as geometrical flow

6. The shortcomings of Galileo's description of motion

7. Descartes - mathematician, philosopher and physicist

8. Descartes' conception of motion as a dynamic transition

9. Newtonian physics as a critical coming to terms with Descartes

10. Newton's conception of motion as dynamic flow

 
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