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Basic scientific discipline, the mission of which is to provide the student with sufficient knowledge for the study of pharmaceutical disciplines such as pharmaceutical chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology. Bioorganic chemistry studies compounds that are the basis of life processes and seeks to understand their biological functions. The main studied types are biopolymers (proteins and peptides, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides, etc.) and their basic building blocks, amino acids, nucleosides, nucleotides etc. whose transformations form the chemical nature of biological processes, as well as bioregulators (enzymes, vitamins and hormones). Bioorganic chemistry deals with obtaining these substances in a chemically pure state, determines their structure and suggests the relationship between structure and biological properties.
Last update: Vinšová Jarmila, prof. RNDr., CSc. (17.02.2025)
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A written test, 10 questions, 60% of points. Last update: Vinšová Jarmila, prof. RNDr., CSc. (17.02.2025)
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Obligatory:
Last update: Vinšová Jarmila, prof. RNDr., CSc. (17.02.2025)
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The basic groups of compounds:
Last update: Vinšová Jarmila, prof. RNDr., CSc. (17.02.2025)
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The subject Bioorganic Chemistry builds on the knowledge and skills acquired in the subjects: General and Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry I and II and is a preparatory subject for biochemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, biological sciences (pharmacognosy, molecular biology and genetics) and pharmaceutical technology.
After completing the course, students will have a comprehensive overview of the basic properties, structures, chemical properties, functions and practical applications of biomolecules from the group of carbohydrates, fats, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, steroid and terpene compounds, vitamins and alkaloids. Students will be familiar with their chemical structures, reactivity, modifications, nomenclature, synthesis and biosynthesis. They will understand reaction mechanisms & interactions of significance for pharmacy and biology, which will lead to a better understanding of basic chemical reactions that are important for drug interactions with biological targets (e.g. receptors) and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion from the body.
Learning outcomes:
By the end of the module, students will be able to:
Ø define the basic building blocks of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides; explain and use the concepts of aldoses and ketoses, carbohydrate nomenclature, D/L series, Fischer projection, Haworth formulae, mutarotation, O-glycosidic bonds, reactivity, modification possibilities, properties and uses; Ø distinguish between simple lipids (fats and waxes), complex lipids (phospholipids, sphingomyelins, ceramides) and isoprenoid lipids (terpenes and steroids) in terms of structure and biological functions; Ø describe amino acids, their structure, properties, reactivity, functions and uses, characterize peptides in terms of structure, properties and function & their distribution, know the principles of their synthesis and analysis; Ø characterize proteins, their structure, function, distribution and properties; Ø describe nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), their basic features, building blocks, explain the transfer of genetic information, transcription and translation; Ø describe and name the tetracyclic structures of steroid compounds, explain the differences in the structure of the main types of steroids, including sex hormones, corticosteroids, bile acids and group D vitamins; Ø characterize vitamins, classify them according to lipophilicity, describe individual representatives in terms of chemical structure and properties; Ø characterize alkaloids, their individual groups, describe individual representatives in terms of chemical structure and properties.
Last update: Vinšová Jarmila, prof. RNDr., CSc. (03.03.2025)
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