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Information about Internal Medicine I The subject is composed from theoretical lectures, seminars and clinical practicals. Practicals are run on wards of Internal Clinic. Start of lectures and practicals is specified in time schedule. Students may check which meeting room/ward is assigned to their class: • SIS • on a noticeboard on the floor 4D (in front of secretariat of Internal clinic) The education of 5 blocks will end with a credit test, the dates will be announced in SIS. The test has open-ended questions for free writting. To successfully completed test must have more than 75% of the answers correct, i.e. more than 7.5 points. The results will be written in SIS. Last update: Strnadová Dita (16.05.2024)
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All practical classes and seminars are compulsory and the attendance is checked.
The lectures are optional but you are requested to attend them if possible.
The student is allowed to miss up to 4 practical classes and seminars during all 5 weeks, but there is necessary to replace them. About substitution of practicals ask your teacher.
For obtaining credit the student must meet following criteria:
to complete attendance at practicals and seminars, replace all missed
to complete 1 case study report
to pass the credit examination successfully
Credit examination finishes the object.
The terms for credit examination will be available in SIS and the examination will take place after finishing the practicals Last update: Strnadová Dita (16.05.2024)
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INTERNAL MEDICINE I.:
Faunci A.: Harrison´s principles of internal medicine : Mc Graw-Hill (B) (2015 - available as ebook)
Andreoli, T. E.: Andreoli and Carpenter's Cecil essentials of medicine : Saunders Elsevier, 2010 (B)
(available as ebook)
Kumar, P.: Kumar & Clark's clinical medicine. Elsevier 2012 (B) (available as ebook)
Khan, M.G.: Rapid ECG interpretation. Springer 2008 (B) Last update: Strnadová Dita (16.05.2024)
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4TH YEAR – INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS – CREDIT
(valid from October 1st, 2018)
1. Acute heart failure
2. Chronic heart failure and its complex therapy
3. Aortic valvular disorders
4. Mitral valvular disorders
5. Coronary artery disease – acute forms
6. Chronic coronary artery disease – classification, etiology
7. Chronic coronary artery disease – diagnostics, therapy
8. Acute myocardial infarction
9. Complications of myocardial infarction
10. Shock
11. Arterial hypertension
12. Secondary hypertension
13. Pulmonary embolism
14. Congenital heart defects in adults
15. Inflammatory disorders of the heart (myocarditis, pericarditis…)
16. Infective endocarditis
17. Cardiomyopathies
18. Cardiac tamponade
19. Supraventricular arrhythmias
20. Ventricular arrhythmias
21. Atrial fibrillation – symptomatology, diagnosis and therapy
22. Cor pulmonale
23. Circulatory and breathing arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation
24. Disorders of aorta
25. Disorders of brain arteries, stroke
26. Acute and chronic disorders of peripheral arteries
27. Acute and chronic disorders of peripheral veins
28. Type 1 Diabetes mellitus – patophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics
29. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus – patophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics
30. Basic principles of treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
31. Acute complications of diabetes mellitus
32. Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus
33. Obesity, syndrome of insulin resistance
34. Community-acquired pneumonia
35. Hospital-acquired pneumonia
36. Pulmonary tuberculosis
37. Bronchial asthma – classification, therapy and prevention
38. Acute bronchial asthma
39. Chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis
40. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – diagnosis and therapy in a stable patient
41. Acute exacerbation of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
42. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
43. Lung cancer
44. Pleural effusions
45. Pneumothorax
46. Acute and chronic respiratory insufficiency
47. Disturbances of lipid metabolism
48. Atherosclerosis
49. Gastrointestinal bleeding
50. Disorders of esophagus
51. Peptic ulcer disease
52. Tumors of stomach
53. Inflammatory bowel disease
54. Colonic polyps and colorectal cancer
55. Non-neoplasmatic disorders of bowel – diverticulosis, diverticulitis
56. Functional gastrointestinal disorders, coeliac disease
57. Cholelithiasis and its complication
58. Acute and chronic pancreatitis
59. Acute hepatitis
60. Chronic hepatitis
61. Liver cirrhosis
62. Portal hypertension – classification, complication, therapy and prognosis
63. Acute and chronic liver failure
64. Tumors of liver, bile duct, gallbladder and pancreas Last update: Strnadová Dita (16.05.2024)
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Syllabus of lectures and seminars of Internal Medicine I
Pulmonology:
1. Emergency in pulmonology
The presentation gives an overview of emergency situations in pneumology, their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Attention is paid to imaging methods.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation
2. Bronchoscopy
Overview of indications, types, complications, and benefits of this important examination.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation
3. Acute and chronic respiratory insufficiency
The lecture deals with the definition, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic measures in conditions associated with respiratory insufficiency.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation
4. COPD
Etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors. Clinical presentation, physical examination, functional testing, imaging methods. Therapy and importance of non-smoking.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation
5. Dyspnea
The presentation gives an overview of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and treatment of dyspnea. Attention is paid to imaging methods.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation
6. Asthma bronchiale
The presentation gives an overview of the definition, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, classification, and treatment of bronchial asthma. The latest international guidelines are considered (GINA).
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation
7. Interstitial lung diseases
The lecture deals with the definition, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic measures in interstitial pulmonary processes, as disease model is discussed sarcoidosis in detail. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - the presentation gives an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Attention is paid to imaging methods.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation
8. Hemoptysis
The presentation gives an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and treatment of hemoptysis. Attention is paid to imaging methods.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation
9. Pneumonias
The presentation gives an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of community acquired and hospital acquired pneumonia and pneumonia in immunocompromised host. Attention is paid to imaging methods.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation
10. Pleural effusion
The presentation gives an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of pleural effusion. Attention is paid to imaging methods.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation
11. Tuberculosis
The presentation gives an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis. Attention is paid to new methods of diagnosis of latent tuberculosis, vaccination, and other measures of control of tuberculosis.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation, microbiology of tbc
12. Lung cancer
The presentation gives an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer. Attention is paid to imaging methods and prevention of this disease.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of lungs and ventilation
Gastroenterology:
1. Examination methods in gastroenterology and hematology
History, common complaints. Physical examination. Ultrasound, X-ray, CT, and MR imaging. Endoscopic and biochemical methods.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of gastrointestinal tract
2. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Peptic ulcer of stomach and duodenum. Tumors of stomach. The presentation gives an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcers, and stomach tumors. Attention is paid to imaging methods and prevention of this disease.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of gastrointestinal tract
3. Inflammatory bowel disease
The presentation gives an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Attention is paid to imaging methods.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of gastrointestinal tract
4. Intestinal polyps, cancer of large intestine and rectum
The presentation gives an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal polyps and cancer. Attention is paid to imaging methods, screening and prevention of this disease.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of gastrointestinal tract
5. Gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic pancreatitis
Acute bleeding to the gastrointestinal tract, main clinical symptoms, differences in clinical symptomatology dependent on etiology of the bleeding. Importance of circulation stabilization, endoscopy methods for examination and treatment. Chronic pancreatitis - definition, pathogenesis, etiology. Risk factors, clinical presentation, physical examination, lab results and imaging methods. Treatment.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of gastrointestinal tract
6. Cholelithiasis and its complications
Definition: Cholecystolithiasis - biliary stones in the gallbladder, choledocholithiasis - biliary stones in the common bile duct and hepatic duct. Incidence, etiology, clinical presentation, laboratory results, imaging methods, therapy.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of hepatobiliary area
7. Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver
Definition, etiology, and pathophysiology. Viral, autoimmune, and other chronic hepatitis. Diagnosis, imaging methods, treatment, and complications of this disease. Liver cirrhosis - etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, lab, and imaging methods. Treatment and complications.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of liver
8. Portal hypertension, hepatic failure
Definition, anatomy, and pathophysiology of portal hypertension. Etiology, diagnostics, clinical presentation, complications, and therapy. Definition and incidence of liver failure, etiology and pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis, and treatment.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of liver
9. Differential diagnosis of jaundice
Review of basic types of icterus, (prehepatic, hepatic, posthepatic), clinical presentation, lab results, imaging methods. Case reports.
Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of liver
10. Differential diagnosis of fever states
Pathophysiological of temperature, types of temperature, diagnostic methods. Febrile states by etiology: infection, tumors, systematic disease. Sub febrile states, invasive methods as febrile source.
Required knowledge: physiological and pathophysiological knowledge of thermoregulation
11. Disturbances of GI tract passage. Required knowledge: anatomy, physiology of gastrointestinal tract
Diabetology a metabolism:
1. Diabetes mellitus part I
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic. Classification and differential diagnostics of diabetes.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of metabolism
2. Diabetes mellitus part II
Chronic diabetes complication. Clinical presentation, diagnostics, and treatment.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of metabolism
3. Acute complication of diabetes. Differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia. Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of metabolism
4. Treatment of diabetes mellitus
Treatment with oral antidiabetic agents and insulin treatment. Differences in treatment of type 1 and 2 diabetes. Diet and physical exercise.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of metabolism
5. Nutritional disorders (obesity, cachexia)
Definition, measurement, classification of obesity. Examination of an obese patient (history, specifics in obesity), function and distribution of adipose tissue, complication of obesity. Therapy (behavior modification, diet, exercise, psychotherapy, drugs, surgery). Definition, etiology of malnutrition, diagnostic and types, laboratory parameters, complications. Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of metabolism
6. Disorders of lipid metabolism
Dyslipidemia - risks and classification. Goals for treatment, recommended targets for dyslipidemia treatment. Lab results. Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of metabolism
7. Atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of metabolism
Cardiology:
1. Acute coronary syndromes
Etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors. Clinical presentation, examination, diagnostics, treatment.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
2. Atherosclerosis and chronic coronary heart disease
Introductory lecture to clinical aspects of coronary heart disease (CHD) defining clinical forms of CHD. It defines principles of coronary circulation in a heathy individual, as well as normal functions of endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction is presented in relation to atherogenesis together with main risk factors of CHD. Of clinical forms of CHD, effort angina pectoris and silent ischemia are presented (clinical symptomatology, examinations, non-invasive and invasive treatment).
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
3. Valvular heart disease
Etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors. Clinical presentation, imaging methods, treatment.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
4. Arrhythmias
Etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors. Clinical presentation, imaging methods, treatment.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
5. Congestive heart failure
Etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors. Clinical presentation, imaging methods, treatment.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
6. Cor pulmonale, pulmonary embolism
Etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors. Clinical presentation, imaging methods, treatment.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
7. Hypertension
Etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors. Clinical presentation, imaging methods, treatment.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
8. Shock
Presentation composed of two parts. The general one defines symptoms and signs of shock, diagnostic principles, as well as general therapeutic possibilities. The second part presents cardiogenic shock in myocardial infarction, in pulmonary embolism and in cardiac tamponade. Oligemic shock is presented mainly in connections important for internal medicine. Distributary shock, septic and anaphylactic shock are presented.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
9. Cardiomyopathies
Etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors. Clinical presentation, imaging methods, treatment.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
10. Myocarditis, pericarditis, endocarditis
Etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors. Clinical presentation, imaging methods, treatment.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
11. Differential diagnosis of chest pains
Etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors. Clinical presentation, imaging methods, treatment.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
12. Differential diagnosis of syncope. Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation.
13. Differential diagnosis of dyspnea. Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
14. Basic ECG records
Clinical presentation, basic ECG records of most important dysrhythmias.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
15. Disorders of limb arteries and veins
Etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors of arterial and venous disease of peripheral vessels. Clinical presentation, imaging methods, treatment.
Required knowledge: physiology and pathophysiology of circulation
Head supervisor of teaching of Internal Medicine I is:
prof. MUDr. Radan Keil, Ph.D.
Responsible person: doc. Iva Hoffmanová, Ph.D., tel. 22443 4067 Last update: Strnadová Dita (16.05.2024)
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