Předmět seznamuje studenty s funkcí jednotlivých orgánových systémů (krevního oběhu, dýchání, vstřebávání,
metabolismem, termoregulací, endokrinním a svalovým systémem, analyzátory, CNS (lidského organismu, včetně
regulací).
Poslední úprava: prof. MUDr. Jan Heller, CSc. (03.11.2023)
The course introduces students to basic physiological principles, the theory of homeostasis, and the functions of various
organs and systems of the human body and their control (including circulatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal,
excretory, endocrine, muscular, nervous and sensory systems, as well as metabolism and thermoregulation).
Increased attention is paid to physiological regulation and the neuromuscular system, taking into account children's and
adolescent organism.
Knowledge:
basic concepts of cellular and subcellular structures and their meaning
physiology of excitatory systems: nerve cell, processing and conduction of information in the nerve and between nerves, NS metabolism, muscular system (striated, cardiac and smooth muscle – structure and function). Fundamentals of the cardiovascular system (mechanical and metabolic processes in the myocardium, vascular system – structure and function, measurement and influence of blood pressure – regulatory mechanisms of the heart and blood vessels)
Basics of the structure and function of blood and the immune system
physiology of the respiratory system (ventilation, distribution, diffusion, perfusion, determination of respiratory parameters, nervous and chemical regulation of breathing)
physiology of the digestive system (splitting, digestion and absorption of food components and their regulation in individual parts of the GIT, gastrointestinal hormones and their effects)
energy balance (basics of metabolic processes in the body)
physiology of the excretory system (formation and composition of urine, regulatory mechanisms, influence of kidney function on maintaining the stability of the internal environment). Physiology of endocrine glands (formation and secretion of hormones of individual glands and their functions, stress, sexual system – management and functions)
Skills:
The student is able to describe the composition of the human body, the importance of individual functionally specific cells, the composition and function of the cardiovascular system and blood, as well as the connection with the simunity state, describe the mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. It includes the basics of the inflammatory process in relation to immunity, describe metabolic processes, ion changes and subsequent changes.
Can describe the structure and function of the respiratory system, their measurability with an emphasis on the regulatory mechanisms of breathing (nervous, hormonal and other chemical influences).
Can describe the function of individual parts of the digestive system, enzymatic and other processes.
Within the excretory system, he is able to describe in detail the acidification and alkalization of urine, the influence of the kidneys on maintaining the stability of the internal environment and the functioning as an endocrine organ. He will be able to describe the structure and function of individual endocrine glands and the impact of their hormones on other organs, including the regulatory mechanisms of hormone control.
From the field of neurophysiology, describe the structure and function of the neuron, types of conduction, synaptic transmissions and types of mediators according to their activity. Describe the parts of the nervous system most connected by motor activity, control of body position and their parts (cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and pyramidal and extrapyramidal pathways) and the influence of the vegetative nervous system. Considering the focus on the locomotor system, he can describe not only the types of muscles, but also the molecular basis of contraction, the energy sources of contraction and relaxation, the issue of neuromuscular transmission and proprioception as the regulation of muscle tension and stretching. Can describe bone structure, necessary substances and vitamins for bone building. Can describe sensitive-sensory organs, pain, sleep and its individual phases
Competence
The student is competent to use the acquired knowledge of physiology for their application and connection with subsequent subjects such as pathological physiology, exercise physiology, biomechanics or nutrition, search, sort and assess information related to physiological processes, use the acquired information in everyday practice.
Literatura
Poslední úprava: Mgr. Jiří Kolář (05.09.2019)
Povinná:
BARTŮŇKOVÁ, S. Fyziologie člověka a tělesných cvičení. Učební texty pro studenty fyziologie a studia tělesná a pracovní výchova zdravotně postižených, 2006, 1.
KOHLÍKOVÁ, E. Vybraná témata praktických cvičení z fyziologie člověka. Edtion ed. Praha: Karolinum, 2002. ISBN 80-246-0073-0.
Doporučená:
FOX, S. I. Human Physiology. Edtion ed. USA: McGraw-Hill, 1996. ISBN 0-697-20985-7.GANONG, W. F. Přehled lékařské fyziologie. Edtion ed. Praha: Nakladatelství a vydavatelství Ha H, 2005. ISBN 8072623117.
KITTNAR, O. Fyziologické regulace ve schématech. Edtion ed.: Grada, 2000. ISBN 8071697826.
MOUREK, J. Fyziologie: učebnice pro studenty zdravotnických oborů. Edtion ed. Praha: Grada, 2005. 208 p. ISBN 80-247-1190-7.
SILBERNAGL, S., A. DESPOPOULOS, G. WOLF-RÜDIGER AND A. ROTHENBURGER Atlas fyziologie člověka. Edtion ed. Praha: Grada, 2004. 435 p. ISBN 80-247-0630-X
STANFIELD, C. L. Principles of human physiology. Edtion ed.: Pearson Higher Ed, 2012. ISBN 0321897714.
TROJAN, S. a kol.: Lékařská fyziologie. Praha. Grada, 2003.
TROJAN, S., LANGMEIER, M. Kontrolní otázky z fyziologie. Edtion ed. Praha: Triton, 1999. ISBN 80-7189-
Sylabus
Poslední úprava: Mgr. Jiří Kolář (05.09.2019)
Témata přednášek:
1. Úvod do fyziologie
2. Fyziologie krve a imunitního systému
3. Fyziologie dýchání
4. Fyziologie krevního oběhu
5. Fyziologie trávicího systému
6. Metabolismus látkový a energetický
7. Fyziologie vylučování, fyziologie kůže a termoregulace
8. Fyziologie žláz s vnitřní sekrecí, reprodukční funkce, stres
9. Obecná neurofyziologie
10. Fyziologie svalů a kostí
11. Integrační funkce CNS
12. Senzorický nervový systém
13. Motorický nervový systém, řízení motoriky
14. Homeostatické mechanismy organismu, biorytmy, prostor pro konzultaci vybraných témat fyziologie člověka
Cvičení:
Metabolismus (BM, PM), měření funkcí dýchacího systému (ventilace), složení těla (kaliperace...), měření funkcí oběhového systému (TK)
