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Poslední úprava: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (13.09.2023)
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Poslední úprava: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (13.09.2023)
The course aims to provide students with an overview of the main aspects of the break-up of Yugoslavia and the next development in the Western Balkans. The introductory lectures focus on the national politics of Tito’s Yugoslavia), the examples of nationalist propaganda in practice (i.e. the recounting of the number of dead of World War II in the 1980s), and the characteristics of the Yugoslav constitutional order. Then the focus is placed on analysing the typology of the most important conflicts in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. We observe and analyse different interpretations of these wars and examine to what extent these conflicts were civil wars or acts of aggression on the part of the neighbouring countries (the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Croatia). Attention is also paid to the assessment of the accompanying phenomena of the wars under scrutiny: ethnic cleansing and forced migration. The following lectures are devoted to violence, which was brought into ex-Yugoslav communities from the outside – by paramilitary units and foreign combatants who fought in the area in huge numbers, especially in the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The last bloc of the course analyses the development in the FRY area, the Kosovo war and its aftermath. |
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Poslední úprava: Bc. Sára Lochmanová (05.10.2023)
Instructions for seminar thesis · Papers must be typed. · You must footnote, or in-text cite all references (quotes, use of evidence, etc.). · References and quotations must be in according to a chosen Style and consistent (do not mix various formats). · You must include a final bibliography. · Length: At maximum 4.000 words, excluding bibliography. · There are no specific criteria for margins, font, or spacing. · Electronic format · The final paper has to be submitted to my e-mail address ondrej.zila@fsv.cuni.cz and uploaded to Moodle (https://dl2.cuni.cz/course/view.php?id=3554) no later than 5 January 2024.
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Poslední úprava: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (13.09.2023)
Balkan Nationalism and Ethnic Conflicts
Syllabus:
1) Reconsidering national identification: National Politics of Tito’s Yugoslavia
Required Reading · BRINGA, T.: Nationality Categories, National Identification and Identity Formation in „Multinational“ Bosnia. In: Anthropology of East Europe Review, 11, 1-2, str. 80-88.
Recommended Reading · ALLCOCK, J.: The Forging of National Identity. In: ALLCOCK, J.: Explaining Yugoslavia. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. · BURG, S. L., BERBAUM, M. L.: Community, Integration, and Stability in Multinational Yugoslavia. In: The American Political Science Review, Vol. 83, No. 2, 1989. · HODSON, R., SEKULIĆ, D., MASSEY, G.: National tolerance in the former Yugoslavia, In: American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 99, No. 6, 1994. · PEARSON, S.: The “national key” in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a historical perspective. In: Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity, 43:2, 2015: 213-232. · RUSINOW, D.: The Yugoslav Peoples. In: SUGAR,P. F. (ed.): Eastern European nationalism in the twentieth century. Washington: The American University Press, 1995. 305–411 s. · SEKULIĆ, D., MASSEY, G., HODSON, R.: Who were the Yugoslavs? Failed Sources of a Common Identity in the Former Yugoslavia, In: American Sociological Review, Vol. 59, 1994.
2) “Recounting the Dead” – Nationalist Propaganda in the 1980s in Socialist Yugoslavia
Required Reading HAYDEN, R.: Recounting the Dead: The Rediscovery and Redefinition of Wartime Massacres in Late- and Post-Communist Yugoslavia. In: HAYDEN, R. (ed.): From Yugoslavia to the Western Balkans. Studies of a European Disunion, 1991–2011, Boston 2013, pp.
Recommended Reading DENICH, B.: Dismembering Yugoslavia: The Nationalist Ideologies and the Symbolic Revival of Genocide. In: American Ethnologist, Vol. 21, p. 367–390.
DENICH, B.: Unmaking Multi-Ethnicity in Yugoslavia: Metamorphosis Observed. In: Anthropology of East Europe Review, Vol. 11, No. 1−2.
SEKULIC, D., G. MASSEY and R. HODSON (2006) ‘Ethnic Intolerance and Ethnic Conflict in the Dissolution of Yugoslavia’, Ethnic and Racial Studies 29(5): 797–827.
HAMMEL, E.: The Yugoslav Labyrinth. In: Anthropology of East Europe Review, Vol. 11, No. 1−2.
FLERE, S.: Explaining Ethnic Antagonism in Yugoslavia. In: European Sociological Review, Vol. 7., No. 3, p. 183−193.
GAGNON, V. P.: Ethnic Nationalism and International Conflict. The Case of Serbia. In: International Security, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1994–1995, 130–166
BURG, S.: Elite Conflict in Post-Tito Yugoslavia. In: Soviet Studies, vol. 38, no. 32, 1986: 170–193.
3) “On the Edge of Abyss” – Constitutional Disintegration of Federal Yugoslavia
Required Reading
GAGNON, V. P.: Yugoslavia in 1989 and after. In: Nationalities Papers, Vol. 38, No. 1, 2010, 23–39. (pdf)
Recommended Reading
HAYDEN, R.: The Confederalization of the Federation. Chapter 2. In: HAYDEN, R.: Blueprints for a House Divided: the Constitutional Logic of the Yugoslav Conflicts, Ann Arbor 1999. (pdf)
HAYDEN, R.: A Confederal Model for Yugoslavia. Chapter 3. In: HAYDEN, R.: Blueprints for a House Divided: the Constitutional Logic of the Yugoslav Conflicts, Ann Arbor 1999. (pdf)
HAYDEN, R.: Constitutional Nationalism. Chapter 4. In: HAYDEN, R.: Blueprints for a House Divided: the Constitutional Logic of the Yugoslav Conflicts, Ann Arbor 1999. (pdf)
HAYDEN, R.:Wishful Legality_The Badinter Committee and the Dissolution of the Bosnian State. Chapter 5 In: HAYDEN, R.: Blueprints for a House Divided: the Constitutional Logic of the Yugoslav Conflicts, Ann Arbor 1999. (pdf)
HAYDEN, R.: Constitutional Nationalism in the Formerly Yugoslav Republics. The National Council for Soviet and East European Research. Washington 1993. (pdf)
HUDSON, K.: Crisis response. In: HUDSON, K.: Breaking the South Slav dream: the rise and fall of Yugoslavia. London: Pluto Press, 2003 (pdf)
GAGNON, V. P.: The myth of ethnic war: Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006. (pdf)
ŽAGAR, M.: Yugoslavia, What Went Wrong? Constitutional Development and Collapse of a Multiethnic State. In: BYRNE, S, IRVIN, CL. (eds.): Reconcilable differences: turning points in ethnopolitical conflict. West Hartford: Kumarian Press, 2000, pp. 127–153. (pdf)
4) The Break-Up of the Yugoslav Federation – The Dissolution of the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1990 – 1992
Required Reading BENNETT, Christopher. Bosnia's paralysed peace. First published. London: Hurst & Company, 2016 (Chapter Disintegration)
Recommended Reading
BAKER, C.: The Break-Up of the Yugoslav Federation. In: BAKER, C.: The Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. New York: Palgrave 2015.
WACHTEL, A, BENNETT, C.: The Dissolution of Yugoslavia. In: INGRAO, C., EMMERT, T. A.: Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies. A Scholars’ Initiative. West Lafayette, Indiana 2009. (pdf)
JOVIĆ, D. The Disintegration of Yugoslavia: a Critical Review of Explanatory Approaches. European Journal of Social Theory 4 (2001):101-120. (pdf)
ZIMMERMANN, W.: The Last Ambassador. A Memoir of the Collapse of Yugoslavia. In: Foreign Affaires, Vol. 74. No. 2. 1995. (pdf)
5) Ethnic conflicts or myths of ethnic wars? Civil Wars or Aggression? The understanding of the wars in the former Yugoslavia I.
Required Reading
MUELLER, J.: The Banality of ‘Ethnic War‘: Yugoslavia and Rwanda, Ohio 2000. (pdf)
BANAC, I.: What Happened in the Balkans (or Rather ex-Yugoslavia?). In: East European Politics and Societies, Vol. 23, 2009, pp. 461–478. (pdf)
Recommended Reading
STOKES, G., LAMPE, J., RUSINOW, D., MOSTOV, J.: Instant History: Understanding the Wars of Yugoslav Succession. In: Slavic Review, Vol. 55, No. 1, 1996. (pdf)
BAKIĆ-HAYDEN, M., HAYDEN, R. (1992) ‘Orientalist Variations on the Theme “Balkans”: Symbolic Geography in Recent Yugoslav Politics’, Slavic Review 51(1): 1–15. (pdf)
STOKES, G.: Solving the Wars of Yugoslav Succession. In: NAIMARK, Norman M., ed. a CASE, Holly, ed. Yugoslavia and its Historians: Understanding the Balkan Wars of the 1990S. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. (pdf)
RAMET, S. P.: IV. kapitola. In: RAMET, S. P.: Thinking about Yugoslavia. Scholarly Debates about Yugoslav Breakup and the Wars in Bosnia and Kosovo, New York 2005, pp. 76–107. (pdf)
BAKIĆ-HAYDEN, M.: What’s So Byzantine About the Balkans? In: BJELIĆ, D., SAVIĆ, O. (ed.): Balkan as metaphor: between globalization and fragmentation. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2002. (pdf)
WIELAND, C.: Demolishing the Myth of Homogeneous „Ethnic“ Blocks – Bosnia in a Comparative Perspective. In: BIEBER, F., WIELAND, C. (eds.): Facing the Past, Facing the Future: Confronting Ethnicity and Conflict in Bosnia and Former Yugoslavia. Ravenna: Longo Editore. (pdf)
ALLCOCK, J.: Rural-urban Differences and the Break-up of Yugoslavia. In: Balkanologie, Vol. VI., no. 1-2. Paris 2002, p. 101–125. (pdf)
BOUGAREL, X.: Yugoslav wars: The "revenge of the countryside" between sociological reality and nationalist myth. In: East European Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 2, 1999 (PDF)
ARMAKOLAS, I.: The ‘Paradox’ of Tuzla City: Explaining Non-nationalist Local Politics during the Bosnian War. In: Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 63, No. 2, 2011, 229–261. (PDF)
6) Ethnic cleansing or genocide? The understanding of the wars in the former Yugoslavia II.
Required Reading
MOJZES, P.: Chapter 1. In: MOJZES, P.: Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century. Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield 2011. (pdf)
MOJZES, P.: Ethnic Cleansing during Yugoslavia´s Wars of Disintegration in the 1990s. Chapter 8. In: MOJZES, P.: Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century. Lanham 2011. (pdf)
Recommended Reading
ŽÍLA, O.: The War Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Phenomenon of Ethnic Cleansing. In: Contemporary History, 2016. (pdf)
WEINE, S.: Chapter II (Living through Ethnic Cleansing). WEINE, When History Is a Nightmare: Lives and Memories of Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia-Herzegovina, London 1999. (pdf)
MELANDER, E.: Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1992–1995, University of Essex 2007 [cit. 2012–9–4]. Dostupné z: ˂http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~ksg/dscw2007/Melander.pdf>.(pdf)
CALIC, M-J.: Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995. In: INGRAO, C., EMMERT, T. A.: Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies. A Scholars’ Initiative. West Lafayette, Indiana 2009. (pdf)
CUSHMAN, T.: Anthropology and Genocide in the Balkans. An analysis of cenceptual practices of power. In: Anthropological Theory, Vol. 4, pp. 5–28. (pdf)
HAYDEN, R.: Innacurate data, spurious issues, and editorial failure in Cushman’s ´Anthropology and Genocide in the Balkans. In: Anthropological Theory, Vol. 4, pp. 545–554. sehnat
MARKUSEN, E.: Genocide in former Yugoslavia, 1992–1995. In: Journal of Genocide Research (2003), 5(4), 605–615. (pdf)
HAYDEN, R. M.: Imagined communities and real victims: self-determination and ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia. In: American Ethnologist, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1996. (PDF)
HAYDEN, R.: Schindler’s Fate: Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Population Transfers. In: Slavic Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, 1996. . (PDF)
HANSEN, Lene. Security as practice: discourse analysis and the Bosnian war. New York, NY: Routledge, ©2006. . (PDF)
7) Paramilitary units. Violence brought into local communities from outside I.
Required Reading
JANSEN, S.: Remembering with a Difference: Clashing Memories of Bosnian Conflict in Everyday Life. In: BOUGAREL, X., HELMS, E., DUIJZINGS, G. (eds.): The new Bosnian mosaic: identities, memories and moral claims in a post-war society. Hampshire 2007
CAMPBELL D.: Violence and Identity in Bosnia. In: CAMPBELL D.: National Deconstruction : Violence, Identity, and Justice in Bosnia, Minneapolis 1998, pp. 83–114.
MOJZES, P.: War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In: MOJZES, P.: Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century. Lanha 2011, pp. 163–195. (pdf)
Recommended Reading
KALYVAS, S. N., SAMBANIS, N.: Bosnia’s Civil War. Origins and Violence Dynamics. In: COLLIER, P., SAMBANIS, N. (eds.): Understanding civil war: Europe, Central Asia, and other regions: evidence and analysis. Volume 2, Europe, Central Asia, and other regions, Washington 2005.
KALDOR, M.: New and old wars: organized violence in a global era: with an afterword, January 2001. Repr. with a new afterword 2001. (pdf)
BOUGAREL, X.: Bosnie: anatomie d' un conflit. Paris: La Découverte, 1996.
KURTOVIĆ, L.: What is a nationalist? Some Thoughts on the Question from Bosnia-Herzegovina. In: Anthropology of East Europe Review 29(2) 2011. (pdf)
LUČIĆ, I.: Bosna i Hercegovina od prvih izbora do međunarodnog priznanja. In: Časopis za suvremenu povijest, br. 1., 2008: 107–140. (pdf)
HUDSON, K.: War: the second wave – Bosnia. In: HUDSON, K.: Breaking the South Slav dream: the rise and fall of Yugoslavia. London: Pluto Press, 2003 (pdf)
HALPERN,J.:Some Anthropological Observations on a War – The Conflict in Bosnia I., II. (pdf)
8) Safe Areas: Violence brought into local communities from outside II.
Required Reading
INGRAO, C.: Safe Areas. In: INGRAO, C., EMMERT, T. A.: Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies. A Scholars’ Initiative. West Lafayette, Indiana 2009. (pdf)
SACCO, J.: Safe area Goražde. Seattle: Fantagraphics Books, 2005.
MAČEK, I.: ‘Imitation of Life’: Negotiating Normality in Sarajevo under Siege. In: BOUGAREL, X., HELMS, E., DUIJZINGS, G. (eds.): The new Bosnian mosaic: identities, memories and moral claims in a post-war society, Hampshire 2007, pp. 39–57.
Recommended Reading
MAČEK, I.: Sarajevo under siege: Anthropology in Wartime, Philadelphia 2009.
STEFANSSON, A.: Urban Exile. Locals, Newcomers and the Cultural Transformations of Sarajevo. In: BOUGAREL, X., HELMS, E., DUIJZINGS, G. (eds.): The new Bosnian mosaic: identities, memories and moral claims in a post-war society. Hampshire 2007 (pdf)
Required Reading
VIVOD, M.: In the Shadow of the Serbian Paramilitary Units: Narrative Patterns about the Role of Paramilitary Units in Former Yugoslav Conflict. In: Advances in Anthropology, Vol. 3, 2013, pp. 23–32.
OLUIC, S.: Radical Islam on Europe’s Frontier – Bosnia & Herzegovina. In: National Security And The Future, Vol. 9, 2008.
Recommended Reading
KOHLMANN, E.: Al-Qaida’s Jihad in Europe: the Afghan-Bosnian network, Oxford 2004.
DELISO, CH.: The coming Balkan caliphate: the threat of radical Islam to Europe and the West. Westport 2007.
WELTY, L.: Salafism in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
HOFFMAN, P.: German Foreign Fighters in the Yugoslav Wars. Praha 2016. (pdf)
MILLS, R. Fighters, footballers and nation builders: wartime football in the Serb-held territories of the former Yugoslavia, 1991–1996, Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics, 16:8, 2013, 945-972 (pdf)
9) The war in Croatia and its interpretation
Required Reading BJELAJAC, M., ŽUNEC, O.: The War in Croatia, 1991-1995. In: INGRAO, C., EMMERT, T. A.: Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies. A Scholars’ Initiative. West Lafayette, Indiana 2009. (pdf)
RAMET, S.: Politics in Croatia since 1990. In: RAMET, S. P. (ed.): Central and southeast European politics since 1989, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, pp. 258–285. (pdf)
MOJZES, P.: War in Croatia. In: MOJZES, P.: Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century. Lanha 2011, pp. 151–162. (pdf)
Recommended Reading
JANSEN, S.: The Violence of Memories. Local narratives of the pastafter ethnic cleansing in Croatia. In: Rethinking History, Vol. 6, 2002, pp. 77–94. (pdf)
SADKOVICH, J.: Patriots, Villains, and Franjo Tudjman. In: Review of Croatian History 2 (1):247–80. (pdf)
MATIĆ, D.: Is nationalism really that bad? The Case of Croatia. In: RAMET, S., MATIĆ, D.: Democratic transition in Croatia: value transformation, education & media. College Station: Texas A&M University Press 2007, 326–353. (pdf)
SADKOVICH, J.: Franjo Tudjman: An Intellectual in Politics. In: RAMET, S. P.,CLEWING, K., LUKIĆ, R. (eds.): Croatia since independence: war, politics, society, foreign relations. München: Oldenbourg, 2008. (pdf)
BARIĆ, N.: The Rise and Fall of the Republic of Serb Krajina (1990–1995). In: RAMET, S. P.,CLEWING, K., LUKIĆ, R. (eds.): Croatia since independence: war, politics, society, foreign relations. München: Oldenbourg, 2008. (pdf)
HUDSON, K.: War: the first wave – Croatia. In: HUDSON, K.: Breaking the South Slav dream: the rise and fall of Yugoslavia. London: Pluto Press, 2003 (pdf)
10) Kosovo under the Milošević regime and The Kosovo War
Required Reading ROGEL. C.: Kosovo: Where It All Began. In: International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2003 (pdf)
Recommended Reading BIEBER, F, DASKALOVSKI, Ž. (eds.).: Understanding the war in Kosovo. London: Frank Cass, 2003.
TRIX, F.: Kosovar Albanians between a Rock and a Hard Place. In: RAMET, S., PAVLAKOVIĆ, V.: Serbia since 1989: politics and society under Milos̆ević and after. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2007. (pdf)
JANJIĆ, D., LALAJ, A. PULA, B.: Kosovo under the Milošević Regime. In: INGRAO, C., EMMERT, T. A.: Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies. A Scholars’ Initiative. West Lafayette, Indiana 2009. (pdf) WOODWARD, S. Kosovo and the Region: Consequences of the Waiting Game, The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs, 35:1, 2000: 35-48. (pdf)
HUDSON, K.: War: the third wave – Kosovo. In: HUDSON, K.: Breaking the South Slav dream: the rise and fall of Yugoslavia. London: Pluto Press, 2003 (pdf) PAVLOVIĆ, M.: Kosovo under Autonomy, 1974–1990. In: INGRAO, C., EMMERT, T. A.: Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies. A Scholars’ Initiative. West Lafayette, Indiana 2009. (pdf) AUSTIN, R.C.: Greater Albania: The Albanian State and the Question of Kosovo, 1912–2001. In: LAMPE, J., MAZOWER, M. (eds.): Ideologies and national identities: the case of twentieth-century Southeastern Europe [online]. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2004, pp. 235–247. (pdf udělat
11) Managing Mass Migration after Yugoslav Wars
Required Reading
12) Foreign Fighters |
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Poslední úprava: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (13.09.2023)
Standard face-to-face teaching.
Regular reading of the required texts for every single class is obligatory for all participants without exception.
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Poslední úprava: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (22.01.2024)
Assessment In terms of assessment, this is how you will be assessed in this course:
20% - Class Participation (class reading) - the ability to answer the questions and formulate their own view based on assigned readings.
30% - Final paper based on readings in classes.
50% - Final exam.
A) 100 - 91% (B) 90 - 81% (C) 80- 71% (D) 70-61 (E) 60-51 (F) less than 50%
Based on Dean's Measure 20/2019: https://fsv.cuni.cz/deans-measure-no-20/2019 Note on plagiarism Students should follow the rules of academic conduct. Any instance of plagiarism will be immediately delivered to the Disciplinary commission for further decision. Please, consult any uncertainties with the lecturer before you submit your paper. |
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Poslední úprava: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (13.09.2023)
1) Reconsidering national identification: National Politics of Tito’s Yugoslavia (4.10.) 2) “Recounting the Dead” - Nationalist propaganda in the 80s in Socialist Yugoslavia (11.10.) 3) "On the edge of abyss" - Constitutional nationalism and disintegration of the Federal Yugoslavia (18.10.) 4) The Break-Up of the Yugoslav Federation II. – The Dissolution of the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1990 – 1992 (25.10.) 5) Ethnic conflicts or myths of ethnic wars? Civil Wars or Aggression? The understanding of the wars in the former Yugoslavia I. (1.11.) 6) Ethnic cleansing or genocide? The understanding of the wars in the former Yugoslavia II. (8.11.) 7) Paramilitary units. Violence brought into local communities from outside I. (15.11.) 8) Safe Areas: Violence brought into local communities from outside II. (22.11.) 9) The war in Croatia and its interpretation (29.11.) 10) Kosovo under the Milošević regime and The Kosovo War (6.12.) 11) Managing Mass Migration after Yugoslav Wars (13.12.) 12) Foreign Fighters (20.12.) |