Poslední úprava: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (24.01.2023)
The subject Biochemistry II is focused on the following main areas:
1) Metabolism of the basic components of the organism: the topics smoothly follow on from the subject of Biochemistry I, in which students became familiar with the production of energy in the organism (citrate cycle, electron transport chain, ATP production) and carbohydrate metabolism. The focus is on a basic overview of the metabolism of lipids, eicosanoids, steroids and lipoproteins, ketogenesis, metabolism of proteins and amino acids, the formation of urea and its elimination, the metabolism of porphyrins and bile pigments.
2) Metabolism of organs and tissues: After mastering knowledge about individual metabolic pathways, the description of their presence in organs and tissues is discussed, including a basic idea of mutual communication and regulation.
3) Dental topics: Special attention is paid to the metabolism of the periodontium, bones and teeth (composition, mineralization process, neurohumoral regulation), saliva and gingival fluid; the formation and metabolism of dental plaque is not neglected.
Study outcomes
1) The student will get a basic idea of individual metabolic pathways and their interconnection.
2) The student will be able to describe from a biochemical point of view the origin, composition and development of the tooth and the periodontium, including regulations.
3) The student will be able to explain the consequences of the effects of bacterial metabolism products on teeth and periodontium.
4) The student will be able to apply the acquired knowledge to model situations.
Cíl předmětu - angličtina
Poslední úprava: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (24.01.2023)
The aim of the course is to gain an overview of the basic metabolic processes and pathways taking place at the cellular level, to understand them and apply them to biochemical processes in individual tissues and organs and to integrate the principles of their regulation. From the biochemical point of view, to analyse mainly the processes in the oral cavity with a focus on the composition and metabolism of teeth and periodontium, including the formation and metabolism in dental plaque.
Požadavky ke zkoušce - angličtina
Poslední úprava: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (31.01.2023)
Credit
a) Attendance at classes
Maximum of three absences in classes of Biochemistry II in the semester is allowed.
- For the first two absences in the semester, you must inform the authorized person Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová, M.D., Ph.D. in advance, but it is not necessary to provide any documentation.
- Starting on the 3rd absence and onwards, only cases documented by valid medical certificates or official documents must be sent to authorized person. The guarantor of the subject will consider it individually and decides whether the excuse is legitimate and acceptable. The guarantor’s decision is not appealable.
b) Active participation in classes, documented by
- Completed and submitted homework assignments for laboratory classes and seminars (in MOODLE). In the case of an absence from the class, all homework assignments must be submitted no later than by the end of the semester.
- Protocols of attended laboratory classes signed by a teacher. In the case of an absence from the laboratory class, special assignment (defined in MOODLE) must be completed no later than by the end of the semester.
c) Satisfactory results of examination
- Average from all graded tests, oral examinations, and graded assignments must be at least 3.00 or better. In the case of absence, substitute tests must be completed no later than by the end of the semester and the date must be settled with Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová via e-mail.
The form of the test and the scope of the topics are specified in the MOODLE program.
If one of the conditions (a-c) is not met, credit will be awarded only after the examination of the entire topics in the relevant semester. In case of a higher number of insufficiently excused absences, the subject Biochemistry II will not be credited at all.
In the event of a forced transition to online teaching, lectures and seminars will take place as planned in an online mode. Worksheets will be available in MOODLE, their submission will be limited in time and processing will be controlled. The materials will also include test questions. Testing will be in an online mode in various forms including essay. For
laboratory classes, short videos will be prepared introducing students to the relevant technique and will be supplemented by the processing of given data and their evaluation.
If the lessons will take place without restrictions and some of the students will be in quarantine or ill for a long time, they are obliged to immediately notify Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová (via e-mail). Individual replacement of lessons will be agreed during their absence.
Consultations can be arranged individually and must be agreed in advance with the teacher by e-mail.
Inspection of the tests: It is possible for one week from the date of writing, upon agreement with Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová (contact via e-mail).
Note: The pre-term for the biochemistry exam in the summer semester is also conditioned by the results in the winter semester. It is allowed to those who had an average at least 2.00 or better in the winter semester and the result of the credit test was also at least 2.00 or better.
Examination
The student can take the exam only after the credits for both semesters have been awarded. The exam consists of a written part and an oral part. The rigorous test is written either in the morning on the day of the exam or in the afternoon before the day of the exam. If the student gets ten or less points (out of 32 points) in the written test, he/she will not be invited to the oral part of the exam and will be evaluated with fail grade (4).
Sylabus - angličtina
Poslední úprava: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (31.01.2023)
Lectures
Introduction to Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids. Transamination, Oxidative Deamination and Decarboxylation of Amino Acids. Catabolism of the Carbon Skeleton of Amino Acids. Ammonia Formation and its Removal. (Köhlerová 5 h)
Metabolism of Porphyrins and Bile Pigments. (Řezáčová 1 h)
Blood clotting. (Řezáčová 1 h)
Metabolism of Muscles. (Mrkvicová 2 h)
Acid-Base Balance, Metabolism of Kidneys. (Řezáčová 2 h)
Metabolism of Connective Tissue and Skin. Connective Tissue Proteins - Collagen and Elastin. Non-collagenous Proteins. (Mrkvicová 2 h)
Calcified Tissues - Composition of Bones, Dentine, Enamel, Cementum. Process of Mineralization and Remodeling. Hormones in Mineralization. (Stoklasová 3 h)
Dental Plaque and its Metabolism. (Stoklasová 1 h)
Principles of Regulation: Signal Molecules and Receptors. (Řezáčová 2 h)
Hormones and their Effects. (Koutová 2 h)
The Comparison of the Metabolic Pathways in the Liver, Muscles, Adipose Tissue and CNS. (Stoklasová 1 h)
Saliva and Digestive Tract. (Stoklasová 1 h)
Introduction to Xenobiochemistry. (Stoklasová1 h)
Introduction to Immunochemistry. (Stulík 1 h)
Laboratory classes & seminars
Lecturers
Prof. Martina Řezáčová, M.D., Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Radim Havelek, Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Ïng. Milos Hroch, Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Alena Stoklasová, M.D., Ph.D.
Dr. Renata Köhlerová , Ph.D.
Dr. Alena Mrkvicová, Ph.D.
Dr. Darina Muthná, Ph.D.
Dr. Darja Koutová, Ph.D.
Dr. Martin Uher
Seminars
Lipids: Classification, Structure, Properties; Metabolism of Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols and Complex Lipids. Ketogenesis.
Lipoproteins: Digestion, Absorption and Transport of Lipids. Metabolism of Lipoproteins, Hyperlipoproteinaemias, Atherosclerosis. Test.
Steroids: Classification, Structure, Propertiess. Metabolsim of Cholesterol, Bile ACids and Steroid Hormones. Test.
Metabolism of Amino Acids I: Proteins- Digestion, Absorption, Transport. Metabolism of Ammonia. Biosynthesis of Urea.
Metabolism of Amino Acids II: Transamination, Oxidative Deamination and Decarboxylation of Amino Acids. Specific Meatabolism, Hormones and Neurotransmitters Derived form Amino Acids. Test.
Blood: Metabolism of Blood Elements and their Metabolism. Haemostasis, Haemocoagulation, Importance of Eicosanoids.
Acid-Base Balance. Minerals and Water in the Body. Hormonal Control.
Muscles: Metabolism of Contractile Tissues. Energy Sources and their Relationship.
Bones and Teeth:their Physical and Chemical Characteristics. Organic and inorganic Components. Process of Mineralization and Rebuilding. Test.
Regulation: Receptors. Extracellular and Intracellular Communication. Hormones I: Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones.
Relationship in Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins in some Tissues and their Regulation. Hormones II: Thyroid Hormones, Hormones of the Pancreas and the Adrenals.
Xenobiochemistry: Basic Principles.
Oral Cavity: Saliva and Gingival Juice - Composition and Production, pH in the Oral Cavity. Dental Plaque and its Metabolism. Pulp, Periodontal Ligament.Test.
Laboratory classes
Concentration of Glucose in the Serum.
Renal Function Tests: NPN
Total and Conjugated Bilirubin in the Serum.
Concentrations of Calcium and Phosphates in the Serum.
Literatura - angličtina
Poslední úprava: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (24.01.2023)
Compulsory literature
R. Y. Ouellette Introduction to General, Organic and Biological Chemistry. 3rd ed., Mac Millan Publ.Company, New York, 1992. ISBN 0-02-390245-0 (or the latest edition available)
R. K. Murray et al. Harper's Biochemistry. 24th ed., Appleton and Lange, Stamford, USA, 1996.ISBN 0-8385-3612-3. (or the latest edition available)
Recommend literature
P. C. Champe and R.A.Harvey Biochemistry. Lippincott Co, 1987. ISBN 0-397-50801-8 (or the latest edition available)
J.W. Baynes et M. H. Dominiczak Medical Biochemistry. 4th ed., Elsevier 2014. ISBN 978-1-4557-4580-7
