Poslední úprava: Mgr. Kateřina Petříčková, Ph.D. (23.05.2019)
Poskytuje základní informace z obecné mikrobiologie, speciální lékařské mikrobiologie, virologie a parasitologie. Seznamuje s nejdůležitějšími lidskými patogeny, s jejich vlastnostmi, se základy patogenese příslušných onemocnění, se základy jejich diagnostiky,se základy imunizace,se základy antibiotické, antivirové a antiparasitární terapie.Formou praktické výuky poskytne základní dovednosti bakteriologického vyšetření vybraných klinických materiálů, seznámí s metodami odběru vybraných klinických materiálů, se strategií identifikace bakterií a strategií antibiotické terapie.
Poslední úprava: Mgr. Kateřina Petříčková, Ph.D. (23.05.2019)
Provides basic information on general and specialised human medical microbiology, virology, mycology and parasitology. Describes important human pathogens, their characteristic properties, pathogenicity mechanisms of the diseases they induce, and basics of the antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral and antioparasitic therapy of the diseases. In practical hands-on learning provides important skills for bacteriological investigation of selected samples. The student will learn technics for clinical specimen collection, strategy of microbial identification and anti-microbial therapy.
Cíl předmětu - angličtina
Poslední úprava: Mgr. Kateřina Petříčková, Ph.D. (23.05.2019)
The aims of the subject: to provide knowledge on general microbiology, teach students , how to behave in an infectious area, how to deal with infectious material, how to prevent spread of infection. Students should understand interactions of infectious agents and the host, pathogenetic and immune mechanisms in the disease. They obtain basic laboratory skills and get guidlines for taking proper samples.
Sylabus -
Poslední úprava: Mgr. Kateřina Petříčková, Ph.D. (23.05.2019)
Obsah předmětu lékařská mikrobiologie, morfologie a fysiologie bakterií, genetika bakterií, interakce bakteriální a hostitelské buňky, viry a hostitelská bunka, viry a hostitelsky organismus. Priony,prionové infekce. Mikrobiální osídlení lidského těla. Antiinfekční imunita. Základy mykologie. Základy parazitologie. Antibiotika a chemoterapeutika, racionální terapie ATB. Vyšetřovací metody klinické mikrobiologie. Nosokomiální infekce. Sterilizace a desinfekce.
Seminář (účast povinná): Antivirová, antimykotická a antiparazitární terapie.
Praktická cvičení (týdenní blok):
Mikroskopické vyšetření v bakteriologii, mykologii a parazitologii. Nativní, fixovaný a barvení preparát. Barvící techniky. Aerobní a anaerobní kultivace bakterií (kultivační média, bakteriální kultury, morfologie kolonií). Identifikace bakterií (API, Pliva Staphytest, Streptotest, Enterotest). Průkaz toxinů. Stanovení citlivosti na antibiotika (diskový difusní test, MIC, MBC, E-testy). Kultivace kvasinek a plísní, GT-test. Serologické reakce (aglutinace, precipitace, imunodifuse, imunofluorescence, ELISA, imunoblot). Molekulárně biologické techniky detekce infekčního agens (PCR, hybridisace). Odběr a transport vzorků, odběrové soupravy.
Poslední úprava: Mgr. Kateřina Petříčková, Ph.D. (04.02.2019)
Lectures Microbiology 1 (2nd year, Summer Term)
Lectures in 2 hour units 30 hours of lectures/term Week Lecturer Theme
Kolářová: Introduction to Medical Microbiology, Basic Disciplines. Role in Health Care System. Characteristics of microorganisms- bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
Pavlik: Identification Techniques for Microbes
Paetříčková: Morphology and Physiology of Bacteria, Bacterial Genetics
Holada: Disinfection and Sterilisation Technics, Methods of Sterility Control
Pavlik: Interaction of bacteria and the host - Pathogenicity and Virulence,
Adámková: Antimicrobial agents and antimicrobial therapy.
Pavlík: Review of Medical Bacteriology. Gram-positive bacteria
Pavlík: Gram-negative Bacteria, Spirochets and Mycoplasma
Pavlík: Mycobacteria, Chlamydiae, Rickettsiae
Mělková: Viruses. Taxonomy. pathogenesis and intracellular parasitism in the host cell
Mělková: Selected DNA Viruses
Holada Prions and prionic infections
Mělková: Selected RNA Viruses
Skořepová: Medical Mycology
Chánová: Parasitology
Seminars (Attendance Compulsory, within the lectures, indicated in the Education Plan):
Diagnostic Techniques in Medical Microbiology (3 hours)
Rational antimicrobial therapy (3 hours)
Practicals (one week, total 24 hours):
Microscopy in medical bacteriology, mycology and parasitology. Native, fixed and stained slide. Staining techniques (Gram. Ziehl-Nielsen, Buri, Giemsa, immunofluorescence). Bacterial culture media, cultures and macroscopic morphology. Metabolic Tests (API, Pliva Staphytest, Streptotest, Enterotest) Toxin detection. Antigen detection, Typing. Antibiotic susceptibility tests (diffusion/disc tests, E-tests, MIC, MBC-testing) Serologic reactions( agglutination, precipitation, immunodiffusion, immunofluorescence, ELISA, immunoblot). Genome detection techniques ? hybridisation, PCR. Horizontál electrophoresis, real-time PCR. Urine culture and interpreting of the test. Yeast culture (Sabouraud) and GT-test. Sample collection techniques and Kits, documentation, transport requirements. Disinfection and Sterilisation techniques and Sterility control. Blood cultures ? proper taking of samples, culture systéme icl. BacTec, BactAlert. Anearobic Culture. Anaerostat.
Literatura -
Poslední úprava: Mgr. Kateřina Petříčková, Ph.D. (23.05.2019)
MURRAY P.R., ROSENTHAL K.S., PFALLER M.A. eds.: Medical Microbiology sixth edition, Mosby Inc./Elsevier St. Louis 2009. ISBN 978-0-323-05470-6
WARD K.N., McCARTNEY A.C., THAKKER B.: Notes on Medical Microbiology including Virology, mycology and parasitology Second Edition Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier 2009 ISBN-13: 97804431028
KAYSER F.H., BIENZ K.A., ECKERT J., ZINKERNAGEL R.M.: Medical Microbiology Georg Thieme Stuttgart 2005 ISBN: 1-58890-245-5
TÖRÖK ESTÉE, MORAN E., COOKE FIONA: Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Oxford University Press 2009 (Reprint 2013) ISBN 978-0-19-856925-1
Poslední úprava: Mgr. Kateřina Petříčková, Ph.D. (23.05.2019)
MURRAY P.R., ROSENTHAL K.S., PFALLER M.A. eds.: Medical Microbiology fifth edition, Mosby Inc. St. Louis 2006.
Metody výuky - angličtina
Poslední úprava: Mgr. Kateřina Petříčková, Ph.D. (23.05.2019)
The course consists of one week block of practical training (hands-on) focused on microscopy and culture of bacteria and fungi, staining techniques, desinfection and sterilizing techniques, antibiotic susceptibility tests(disc, MIC, MBC), sterility control techniques, basic defense immunity mechanisms, toxin detection, serological reactions, microscopic parasitology, and proper specimen collection and transport (teaching laboratories of the Dept. Microbiology and immunology, Studničkova 7, Ground Floor, Back Entrance). Additional 2 seminars on Modern diagnostic techniques in medical microbiology and Strategies of antimicrobial therapy. Lectures cover basic topics on general microbiology and first 4 topics on specialised medical microbiology. Students are provided a selection of themes for their seminar thesis required for B 80372 Microbiology 2 credit
Vstupní požadavky - angličtina
Poslední úprava: Mgr. Kateřina Petříčková, Ph.D. (17.01.2019)
All students should have credit for B80005 Biology and Genetics 1 + Anatomy [B80598, B82239],
Organization of the Practicals:
The students are divided into groups of 12 based on the capacity of laboratories.
The list of students assigned to particular groups and dates will be available in the SIS as soon as the list of all registered students is ready - shortly before the beginning of the semester.
The practical classes will start in the 2nd week of the semester.
Switches between the lab groups are allowed only due to serious reasons - illness, hospitalization.
Students should bring their own signed white coat, a pair of lab shoes and a small pendant lock for the garderobe locker.
Požadavky ke zkoušce - angličtina
Poslední úprava: Mgr. Kateřina Petříčková, Ph.D. (18.02.2022)
Credits will be awarded on the basis of a credit test, the practical week active attendance, protocols and announcement of topic chosen for seminar thesis.
LIST OF EXAMINATION QUESTIONS valid from the winter semester 2022/2023 (Microbiology 2):
PRACTICAL PART - knowledge from the practical laboratory weeks plus the following topics
1. Microbiological diagnosis: indications, risks and effectiveness 2. Diagnosis of bacterial infections 3. Diagnosis of viral infections 4. Diagnosis of mycotic infections 5. Diagnosis of parasitic infections 6. Direct proof methods of microbial agents identification, interpretation of results 7. Indirect proof methods of microbial agents identification, interpretation of results; antibodies titre and its relevance 8. Cultivation media types and their applications 9. Anaerobic culture 10. Staining techniques for bacteria, micromycetes and parasites 11. Methods of toxin production proof 12. Interaction of bacterial hemolysins 13. Antibiotic susceptibility assessment: principles of disc-based and dilution methods, factors affecting reliability, limitations, interpretation of results 14. Identification based on phenotypic markers 15. Molecular techniques in identification: material, typical indications, results interpretation 16. Vaginal swab image: interpretation of results 17. Basic rules for microbial specimen collection 18. Transport of clinical specimens (pre-analytical phase). 19. Infections of blood stream and systemic infections: valid material for microbiological diagnosis 20. Respiratory tract, oral cavity and ear infections: valid material for microbiological diagnosis 21. Gastrointestinal tract infections: valid material for microbiological diagnosis 22. Urinary tract infections: valid material for microbiological diagnosis 23. Genital tract infections: valid material for microbiological diagnosis 24. CNS infections: valid material for microbiological diagnosis 25. Eye infections: valid material for microbiological diagnosis 26. Skin infections: : valid material for microbiological diagnosis 27. Microbiological examination of biopsy, punctate and section materials 28. Microbiological control of environment and sterility 29. Methods of decontamination 30. Methods of sterilization and the process control 31. Safety rules in the environment with risks of professional infections
A. GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
A1 Bacterial cell structure (bacterial cell wall, superficial structures, spores) A2 Growth and proliferation of the bacterial population. Types and end products of bacterial metabolism A3 Natural bacterial flora and its regulation. Biofilms Pathogenicity and virulence factors of bacteria; bacterial toxins and superantigens A5 Genetic information of bacteria and its transfer A6 Mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in clinically relevant bacteria A7 Structure of viruses and viral particles A8 Genetic information of viruses and their classification A9 Viral infection of a host cell and its cytopathic effects A10 Virus and host organism: Pathogenesis of viral infections, interferons. Ways of viral infection transmission. A11 Structure of an infectious prion particle, mechanism of prion propagation A12 Fungal cell structure A13 Medically important micromycetes - characteristics, transmission, mycotoxicoses A14 Medically important Protozoa - characteristics, transmission A15 Medically important helminths - characteristics, transmission A16 Basic rules for clinical specimen collection A17 Principles and mechanisms of specific and non-specific immunity A18 Transmission of infections: ways and mechanisms A19 Cultivation of bacteria and diagnosis of bacterial infections, limitations and examples of application A20 Antibiotic susceptibility assays, interpretation of results. Basic pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of antibiotics (MIC, MBC, AUC/MIC, T above MIC...) A21 Diagnosis of viral infections A22 Diagnosis of mycotic infections A23 Diagnosis of parasitic infections A24 Serological examination of clinical specimens. Basic techniques, their advantages and limitations A25 Methods for direct proofs of infectious agents in diagnosis of microbial infections A26 Beta-lactam antibiotics. Classification, mechanisms of action and resistance A27 Macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol. Classification, mechanisms of action and resistance A28 Quinolones. Classification, mechanisms of action and resistance A29 Aminoglycosides. Classification, mechanisms of action and resistance A30 Glycopeptide antibiotics. Classification, mechanisms of action and resistance A31 Antiviral drugs. Classification, mechanisms of action and resistance A32 Antiviral drugs - inhibitors of entry and initial phases of viral replication cycle A33 Antiviral drugs - inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis A34 Antiviral drugs - inhibitors of proteases and the virus release from cells A35 Antifungal drugs A36 Antiparasitic drugs A37 Cotrimoxazole, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin. Classification, mechanisms of action and resistance
B. SPECIAL MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY B1 Staphylococcus aureus B2 Coagulase negative staphylococci B3 β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes, S. agalactiae and other) B4 α-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pneumoniae, viridans and other) B5 Enterococci B6 Corynebacterium spp and other coryneform gram-positive rods B7 Listeria spp., Erysipelothrix spp. B8 Bacillus spp., Nocardia spp., Rhodococcus spp. B9 Enterobacteria - Escherichia coli B10 Enterobacteria - Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp. B11 Enterobacteria - Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Proteus spp. and other facultatively pathogenic species B12 Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp. B13 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonades B14 Gram-negative non-fermenting rods: Burkholderia spp., Stenotrophomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp. and other B15 Neurotoxic clostridia species B16 Histotoxic clostridia species B17 Gram-positive non-sporulating anaerobes B18 Gram-negative anaerobic rods and cocci B19 Legionella spp. B20 Gram-negative aerobic cocci (Neisseria spp., Moraxella spp.) B21 Haemophilus spp., Bordetella spp. B22 Campylobacter spp., Helicobacter spp. B23 Borrelia spp., Leptospira spp. B24 Treponema spp. B25 Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma spp. B26 Chlamydia spp., Chlamydophilla spp. B27 Rickettsia spp., Coxiella spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. B28 Classical and atypical mycobacteria B29 Candida spp. B30 Cryptococcus spp. and other (non-Candida) pathogenic yeasts B31 Aspergilli and Zygomycetes B32 Dermatophytes B33 Mucorales (Rhizopus spp., Rhizomucor spp., Absidia spp., Mucor spp., etc) B34 Dimorphic fungi (Histoplasma spp., Blastomyces spp., Penicillium marneffei, etc) B35 Pneumocystis jirovecii and mycotic infections in AIDS patients B36 Herpes Simplex and Varicella zoster virus B37 Herpesviruses - CMV, EBV. HHV-6,7,8 B38 Human papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses B39 Rotaviruses, noroviruses and other agents of viral diarrheas B40 Fecal-orally-transmitted hepatitis viruses B41 Sexually- or blood-transmitted hepatitis viruses B42 HIV virus B43 Influenza viruses B44 Rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses (Parainfluenza and RS virus) B45 Adenoviruses B46 Enteroviruses (Polio and others) B47 Paramyxoviruses and parvoviruses B48 Rubella virus B49 Arboviruses and arbovirus encephalitis B50 Causative agents of viral haemorrhagic fevers B51 Rabies virus B52 Poxviruses B53 Prion diseases B54 Trypanosomas (African trypanosomas and Trypanosoma cruzi) B55 Leishmania spp. B56 Amoebae (Entamoeba histolytica and other) B57 Intestinal Protozoa (Giardia intestinalis and other) B58 Trichomonas vaginalis B59 Toxoplasma gondii B60 Malaria plasmodia species B61 Schistosomas B62 Intestinal cestodes (Taenia, Hymenolepis, Diphylbothrium and other) B63 Tissue cestodes B64 Ascarids, pinworms and other intestinal nematodes B65 Strongyloides and hookworms B66 Trichinella spp. and other tissue nematodes B67 Lice, fleas and bedbugs B68 Itch mites and other skin-associated mites
C. CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY C1 Pathogens of skin and soft tissue infections; microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C2 Viral exanthemas; microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C3 Surgical site infections; causative agents and microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C4 Neuroinfections - aseptic infections and suppurative meningitis; causative agents and microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C5 Causative agents of upper respiratory tract infections; microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C6 Causative agents of lower respiratory tract infections; microbiological diagnosis; therapy C7 Causative agents of urinary tract and kidney infections; microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C8 Sexually transmitted infections; causative agents and microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C9 Causative agents of heart and blood vessels infections; microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C10 Causative agents of bloodstream infections and sepsis; microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C11 Intra-abdominal infections; causative agents and microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C12 Pathogens of diarrhoeal infections; microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C13 Pathogens of bone and joint infections; microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C14 Foetal and neonatal infections; causative agent and microbiological diagnosis; therapy. C15 Basic principles of antimicrobial therapy (essential information for initiating and selecting an anti-infective treatment strategy when the causative agent is unknown). C16 Basic tools and methods for influencing appropriate antibiotic use in the community and hospital. C17 Treatment with antibiotics and other anti-infective drugs (initial and targeted treatment - choice of route and duration of administration, intensity of treatment; supportive measures: drainage of pus, etc.). C18 Principles of vaccination, immunoprophylaxis, passive immunization. C19 Mandatory vaccination and vaccination on request; evaluation of vaccination effectiveness. C20 Causative agents of the most important imported infections and assessment of their epidemiological significance in the Czech Republic. C21 Pathogens of highly dangerous infections and ways of preventing their spread. C22 The most important agents of nosocomial infections; multiresistant strains. C23 Zoonotic agents, principles of transmission, microbiological diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis.
