Genetics of Bacteria - MB140P12E

• Anglický název: Genetics of Bacteria
• Český název: Genetika bakterií
• Zajišťuje: Katedra genetiky a mikrobiologie (31-140)
• Fakulta: Přírodovědecká fakulta
• Platnost: od 2025
• Semestr: zimní
• E-Kredity: 4
• Způsob provedení zkoušky: zimní s.:kombinovaná
• Rozsah, examinace: zimní s.:2/1, Z+Zk [HT]
• Počet míst: neomezen
• Minimální obsazenost: 3
• 4EU+: ne
• Virtuální mobilita / počet míst pro virtuální mobilitu: ne
• Stav předmětu: vyučován
• Jazyk výuky: angličtina
• Poznámka: povolen pro zápis po webu; při zápisu přednost, je-li ve stud. plánu
• Garant: RNDr. Jaroslav Nunvář, Ph.D.
• Vyučující: RNDr. Jaroslav Nunvář, Ph.D.

Anotace

čeština

Předmět seznamuje studenty se základy genetiky bakterií s důrazem na mechanismy genetické plasticity (HGT, MGE, spontánní mutace) a genetický základ ATB rezistence a patogenicity.

Poslední úprava: Nunvář Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (04.12.2024)

angličtina

This course introduces students to the basics of bacterial genetics. Emphasis is put on mechanisms of genetic plasticity of bacterial genomes (horizontal transfer, mobile genetic elements, spontaneous mutations) and genetic basis of pathogenicity and ATB resistance of host-associated bacteria.

Poslední úprava: Nunvář Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (04.12.2024)

Literatura

čeština

Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Snyder, L. and Champness, W. 2nd Ed., (ASM Press), 2003. a 3th Ed (ASM press 2007).

Poslední úprava: Nunvář Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (04.12.2024)

angličtina

Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Snyder, L. and Champness, W. 2nd Ed., (ASM Press), 2003. a 3th Ed (ASM press 2007), selected reviews.

Poslední úprava: Nunvář Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (04.12.2024)

Sylabus

General characteristics, organization and maintenance of bacterial genomes

Coding density, genome size vs. bacterial lifestyle, operonization, replication-dictated biases, superhelicity, DNA damage response

Sources of genetic variability

Mobile genetic elements and their biology (transposable elements, phages, plasmids, ICE), anti-MGE defense mechanisms, horizontal gene transfer (transformation, transduction, conjugation), spontaneous mutations (classification, origins), repair mechanisms, hypermutation.

Genetic basis of host association and pathogenicity

Nosocomial vs. resident bacteria, intestinal vs. mucosal resident bacteria, molecular mechanisms of immune evasion, pathogenicity islands and MGEs, adaptation to obligate intracellularity, host spectrum and host switches/shifts

Population genetics of pathogenic bacteria

Definition of bacterial species, MLST schemes, whole-genome sequencing (major platforms and types of sequencing data, assembling genomes, genotyping), core- and accessory genome, genetically monomorphic pathogens.

Genetics of ATB resistance

ATB production and resistance in natural ecosystems, intrinsic resistance in nosocomial vs. resident bacteria, low-level (efflux, envelope permeability) vs. high-level (ATB modification, target mutation) resistance mechanisms, modes of resistance development (mutational vs. horizontal acquisition), development of transmissible resistance

Poslední úprava: Nunvář Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (16.01.2026)

Výsledky učení

Upon successful completion of the course, the student

• lists the main characteristics of prokaryotic genomes and describes their organization and functions, and compares them with the properties of eukaryotic genomes.
• explains the principles of replication, transcription, and translation of genetic information in prokaryotes.
• explains different mechanisms of gene expression regulation in prokaryotes.
• categorizes mobile genetic elements according to their structure and mechanisms of mobility, understands their impact on genetic diversity.
• compares different types of horizontal gene transfer and evaluates their importance for the adaptive potential of microorganisms.
• describes the significance of bacteriophages and the structure and life cycle of selected representatives.
• explains the mechanisms of action of defense systems against the horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements.
• provides examples of typical mutations, including the mechanisms of their origin, and distinguishes their consequences at the phenotypic level.
• describes principles of modern genomic approaches and identifies their applications in prokaryotic genetics.
• explains genetic aspects of bacterial host association and pathogenicity.
• characterizes bacterial species on genetic level.
• compares different mechanisms of ATB resistance and explains their origins.
• applies acquired knowledge to simple examples and problem-solving tasks.

Poslední úprava: Nunvář Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (16.01.2026)