Last update: RNDr. Vojtěch Kapsa, CSc. (22.06.2021)
Advanced course of optics which broadens knowledge gained in the basic course of optics.
Synopsis:
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, basic equations of electromagnetic theory, polarization of light,
instrumental optics, light waves in absorbing medium, optical coherence, Fourier optics, Gaussian beams and
optical resonators.
Aim of the course
Last update: prof. RNDr. Petr Němec, Ph.D. (23.06.2021)
The aim of the course is to provide a broad background in optics to students that intend to work in this field. In particular, it is intended as an introductory course for starting Ph.D. students, which do not have detailed knowledge of optics from their previous studies.
Course completion requirements
Last update: prof. RNDr. Petr Němec, Ph.D. (23.06.2021)
At the end of the course, the students have to pass through a written test where the ability to solve practical problems, which were discussed during the tutorials, is checked. The successful passing of this test is required before the actual oral exam, where the theoretical knowledge acquired in the course is tested.
Literature
Last update: RNDr. Vojtěch Kapsa, CSc. (22.06.2021)
B. E. A. Saleh, M.C, Teich: Fundamentals of Photonics, John Wiley & sons, inc., New York, 1991.
E. Hecht: Optics, Addison Wesley, 4th edition, San Francisco. 2002.
M. Born, E. Wolf: Principles of Optics, Cambridge University Press, 7th extended edition, Cambridge 2003.
Requirements to the exam
Last update: prof. RNDr. Petr Němec, Ph.D. (23.06.2021)
The examination is oral, the requirements corresponds to the syllabus.
Syllabus
Last update: prof. RNDr. Petr Němec, Ph.D. (23.06.2021)
1. Basic equations of electromagnetic theory.
Electromagnetic origin of light, Maxwell equations, boundary conditions.
Wave equation, Helmoltz equation. Phase and group velocity of light.
Energy, intensity, radiation pressure and momentum of electromagnetic wave.
2. Polarization of light.
Polarization ellipse, linear and circular polarization. Angular momentum of electromagnetic wave.
Propagation of light in anisotropic media. Polarization devices - polarizers, wave plates, polarization rotators.
Mathematical description of polarization - Jones vectors and matrices, Stokes parameters, Poincaré sphere.
3. Instrumental optics.
Geometrical optics, light rays. Optical imaging by reflection and refraction on a spherical interface, mirrors, lenses. Ray transfer matrix analysis. Aberrations (monochromatic and chromatic).
Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction on slit, rectangular and spherical aperture; implications for a construction of optical instruments. Optical diffraction grating.
Optical imaging instruments (magnifier glasses, microscope, telescope). Spectral instruments - spectrometers (prism and grating) and interferometers.
4. Light waves in absorbing medium.
Propagation of light in conductive medium, complex index of refraction.
Reflection and refraction of plane waves on interfaces, Fresnel formulae.
Kramers-Kronig dispersion relation.
5. Introduction to theory of optical coherence.
Complex representation of monochromatic and polychromatic waves, Fourier transformation, complex analytical signal. Statistical optics, ergodicity principle.
Time coherence, correlation function, power spectrum, Wiener-Chinčin theorem. Spatial coherence.
Interference of partially coherent light, Michelson interferometer, Fourier spectrometers.
Partial polarization, coherence matrix, degree of polarization.
