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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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History of Optics - NOOE080
Title: Dějiny optiky
Guaranteed by: Institute of Physics of Charles University (32-FUUK)
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Actual: from 2023
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 2
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:0/2, C [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Guarantor: RNDr. Jakub Zázvorka, Ph.D.
Pre-requisite : NOFY022
Annotation -
Last update: RNDr. Vladimír Kopecký, Ph.D. (11.01.2023)
The development of optics as a field of physics will be outlined in several thematic areas. Many people participated in the development of optics, and this seminar aims to put into context the given time, the philosophical mood and the main achievements of selected scientists. We will deal with philosophical problems and early ideas of light perception, through experimental perception and theoretical models in the early modern period to Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic waves. Finally, we take a look at the experiments that helped with the formulation special theory of relativity.
Course completion requirements -
Last update: RNDr. Vladimír Kopecký, Ph.D. (11.01.2023)

1. Regular attendance.

2. Active participation: Elaboration of a report on the life of one of the scientists who contributed to the development of optics (Kepler, Newton, Huygens, Fresnel, Young, Maxwell or others) and presentation at the lecture.

Literature -
Last update: RNDr. Vladimír Kopecký, Ph.D. (11.01.2023)

Olivier Darrigol: A history of optics - from Greek antiquity to the nineteenth century, Oxford University Press 2012.

K. Simonyi: A cultural history of physics, CRC Press 2012.

Harry Varvoglis: History and Evolution of Concepts in Physics, Springer 2014.

Daniel J. McKaughan: The History and Philosophy of Science, Bloomsbury 2018.

John L. Heilbron: Physics - a Short History from Quintessence to Quarks, Oxford University Press 2015.

John L. Heilbron: The History of Physics - A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press 2018.

Edward R. Dougherty: The Evolution of Scientific Knowledge - From Certainty to Uncertainty, SPIE Press 2016.

Syllabus -
Last update: RNDr. Vladimír Kopecký, Ph.D. (11.01.2023)

1) Ancient Greece and Rome

i) Philosophy of physics, role of experiment in knowledge of the world

ii) Aristotle and his assumptions

iii) Transition to the time of Kepler and Galileo

2) Theory of the mechanical medium

i) Descartes, Hobbes, Hooke, Pardies and Huygens

ii) Optical imaging

3) Theory of light in the 17th and 18th centuries

i) Newton and his contribution to wave and corpuscular theory

ii) Euler and neo-Cartesian theories of light

iii) Young's experiment, interference and polarization

iv) Laplace, Malus, Brewster and others

v) Fresnel's theory, diffraction of light

4) Ether and matter

i) Wave and ray theory, electromagnetic theory of light

ii) Fourier synthesis

iii) Experiments regarding ether and medium

iv) The path to the special theory of relativity

Entry requirements -
Last update: RNDr. Vladimír Kopecký, Ph.D. (11.01.2023)

The seminar is intended for students of subsequent master's studies who have completed the subject NOFY022 Optics and NOOE021 Wave optics.

 
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