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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Low Temperature Physics - NFPL099
Title: Fyzika nízkých teplot
Guaranteed by: Department of Low Temperature Physics (32-KFNT)
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Actual: from 2020
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 3
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Classification: Physics > Solid State Physics
Annotation -
Last update: doc. RNDr. Vojtěch Chlan, Ph.D. (14.05.2019)
Superconductivity, superfluidity of 3He and 4He, quantum liquids and crystals, nuclear magnetism and very low temperature thermometry.
Aim of the course -
Last update: KFNTLS/MFF.CUNI.CZ (29.04.2008)

An introduction to main topics of low temperature physics with emphasis to quantum liquids, superconductivity and low temperature properties of solids. A survey of low temperature production methods, thermometry and principles of the cryogenic facilities design.

Literature - Czech
Last update: RNDr. Pavel Zakouřil, Ph.D. (05.08.2002)

1. M.Odehnal: Supravodivost a jiné kvantové jevy, Academia Praha 1992

2. S.Takács, L.Cesnak: Supravodivosť, Alfa Bratislava 1979

3. Š.Jánoš: Fyzika nízkych teplöt, Alfa Bratislava 1980

4. P.Středa, Z.Janů: Supravodivost a fyzika nízkých teplot, ČVUT Praha 1987

5. E.M.Lifšic, L.P.Pitajevskij: Statističeskaja fizika 2, Nauka Moskva 1978

Syllabus -
Last update: T_KFNT (02.05.2003)
1. Introduction
Notion of low temperature physics. History of reaching and use of low temperatures. Ways to absolute zero. Review of liquefying and cooling methods.

2. Superfluidity
Superfluid 4He. Experiments in He II. Bose-Einstein statistics. Two-fluid model. Landau theory of excitations. Feynman theory of vortices. Sound propagation in He II. Ions in liquid He. Superfluid 3He phases. Fermi-Dirac statistics. Condensates, dynamic and magnetic properties of the A, A1 and B phases. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Topology and collective modes. Rotating superfluid 3He. Mixture of 3He and 4He, dilution refrigerator. Pomeranchuk effect. Solid 4He and 3He. Magnetism of solid 3He.

3. Superconductivity
Electrical resistance, Meissner effect. London equation. Magnetic properties of superconductors. Microscopic theory, BCS theory. Flux quantization, quantum vortices. Weak superconductivity, Josephson effects, SQUID. High temperature superconductors.

4. Magnetism at low temperature
Paramagnetism, adiabatic demagnetization. Nuclear magnetism, nuclear demagnetization. Static orientation of nuclear moments. NMR and relaxation at low temperatures. Magnetic thermometry (susceptibility, nuclear orientation, NMR thermometry).

5. Selected topics of solid state physics at low temperature Heat capacity of solids, thermal relaxation. Heat transfer, Kapitza resistance. Resistance thermometry. Quantum Hall effect.

 
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