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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Radioanalytical methods - MG431P18
Title: Radioanalytické metody
Czech title: Radioanalytické metody
Guaranteed by: Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources (31-430)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2019
Semester: winter
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:2/1, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: doc. Mgr. Viktor Goliáš, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): doc. Mgr. Viktor Goliáš, Ph.D.
Annotation -
Last update: DATEL (30.04.2002)
Review and history of radionuclide methods in geoscience. Physical principles of radionuclide methods. Measurement of nuclear radiation. Field methods of nuclear geophysics (radioactivity of rocks, natural radiation measuring methods, induced radiation measuring methods). Review of laboratory radionuclide methods. Application of radionuclide methods to living environment. Neutron activation analysis (NAA), gamma activation analysis (GAA), charged particles activation analysis (CPAA), other nuclear analytical methods. Application of radioanalytical methods to geology.
Literature -
Last update: doc. Mgr. Viktor Goliáš, Ph.D. (25.10.2019)

Vladimír Majer a kol.: Základy jaderné chemie. SNTL Praha 1961 (1. 
vydání), SNTL/ALFA Praha 1981 (2. vydání).
A. O. Brunfelt, E. Steinnes: Activation analysis in geochemistry and cosmochemistry. Universitetsforlaget Oslo 1971.
Zdeněk Řanda: Neutronová a gama aktivační analýza v geochemii a kosmochemii. Doktorská disertační práce. Kutná Hora/PřF UK Praha 1989.

Radioanalytical Chemistry (2007): B. Kahn (Ed.). Springer. 473p.

Karpas Z. (2014): Analytical chemistry of Uranium. CRC Press. 308p.

Gilmore G.R. 2008. Practical gamma-ray spectrometry, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., England. 389s., (ISBN 9780470861967)

IAEA (1976) Radiometric Reporting Methods and Calibration in Uranium Exploration. Technical reports series No. 174. Vienna. (ISBN 92-0-145076-1)

IAEA (1989) Construction and Use of Calibration Facilities for Radiometric Field Equipment. Technical reports series No. 309. Vienna. (ISBN 92-0-145189-X)

IAEA (2003) Guidelines for radioelement mapping using gamma ray spectrometry data. IAEA-TECDOC-1363. Vienna.

Amiel S. (1981) Nondestructive Activation Analysis. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Greenberg R. R., Bode P., De Nadai Fernandes E. A. (2011): Neutron activation analysis: A primary method of measurement. Spectrochimica Acta Part B 66, 193-241.

Řanda Z., Špaček B., Kuncíř J., Benada J. (1981) Nondestructive gamma activation analysis of mineral materials. Czechoslovak Atomic Energy Commission, Nuclear Information Centre, Praha. 

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: doc. Mgr. Viktor Goliáš, Ph.D. (09.09.2021)
Ke splnění je nutné složení zkoušky a odevzdání úspěšně vyřešených zápočtových úkolů do konce zkouškového období aktuálního semestru.
Syllabus -
Last update: doc. Mgr. Viktor Goliáš, Ph.D. (25.10.2019)

1. Laws of nuclear decay, particle types, “Table of Nuclides”, natural and main artificial radionuclides, radioactive equilibrium, decay series, units, activity / concentration relation, hygienic work with radiation and radioactive materials. (Exercise: properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, shielding and reflection of radiation)
2. Interaction of radiation with matter, linear attenuation coefficient, particle detection and types of detectors, sensitivity, dead time of detector, radiometric apparatus as a modular system, low-pass methods, determination uncertainties, (exercise: energy calibration of laboratory gamma spectrometer)
3. Laboratory methods for determination of radionuclides in geological samples (rocks, minerals, water, air): alpha and gamma spectrometry, beta methods, liquid scintillation, emanometry. Standardization, matrix and other effects, measurement geometry, determination of popular radionuclides for dating methods. (Exercise: determination of beta detector sensitivity to radiation 234mPa)
4. Field methods of applied geophysics: gamma spectrometry: popular geometry (ground, aerial and autogama survey, logging), instrument calibration, calibration base, emanometry. (Exercise: With field gamma spectrometer around the faculty.)
5. Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA): neutron sources, NAA distribution by neutron energy (reactor NAA with thermal, epithermal, fast neutrons), irradiation time (short term NAA, long term NAA) and sample processing method (INAA - instrumental NAA, RNAA - radiochemical NAA)
6. Gamma (photon) activation analysis (GAA): sources of high energy photons, GAA distribution by incident photon energy, reactions (g, n), (g, g ´), (g, p). Activated analysis by charged particles
7. Practical use of NAA and GAA in geological and geochemical research: sensitivity of determination of individual elements according to rock type, sample preparation for INAA and examples of its processing in RNAA, concrete examples of application of methods.
8. Other nuclear analytical methods: activation analysis with detection of spot gamma radiation (PGAA), delayed neutrons, detection of fission debris traces, PIXE, PIGE, RBS. X-ray fluorescence method (XRF). Mössbauer spectroscopy.
9. Excursion I: workplace of microtron MT-25 ÚJF AVČR, v.v.i. (Prague)
10. Excursion II: Institute of Nuclear Sciences of the ASCR, v.v.i. in Řež (department of nuclear spectroscopy, accelerator Tandetron, cyclotron) and Research Center Řež s.r.o. (LVR-15 reactor)


Passing the exam is required. Furthermore, successful solving of credit tasks.

 
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