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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Fundamentals of geology for geographers - MG421P09Z
Title: Základy geologie pro geografy
Czech title: Základy geologie pro geografy
Guaranteed by: Institute of Geology and Paleontology (31-420)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2023
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 5
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/1, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: 80
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Additional information: https://dl2.cuni.cz/course/view.php?id=2042
Guarantor: Mgr. Filip Tomek, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): Mgr. Tatiana Tkáčiková
Mgr. Filip Tomek, Ph.D.
Incompatibility : MG421P09U
Is incompatible with: MG421P09U
Annotation -
Last update: Mgr. Filip Tomek, Ph.D. (27.01.2021)
This course provides basic knowledge of the internal structure of the Earth, its chemical and mineral composition, and dynamics of rock-forming processes (plate tectonics, magmatism, metamorphism, deformation of Earth´s crust). Lectures in exogenous geology are focused on lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere interaction (weathering, erosion, transport, and accumulation of weathered rocks) with respect to morphologic evolution of landforms.
Laboratory courses provide information of recognition of main rock-forming minerals and rock types, introduction to methods of geological research, work with geological maps, and measurement of structures by geological compass.

The lectures will run online, students will be notified of the technical details well in advance. Compulsory attendance on laboratory classes of a practical character will be postponed to the spring due to known pandemic reasons. Once the personal form of teaching is enabled, the practical exercises will take place in several longer blocks.
Literature -
Last update: Mgr. Filip Tomek, Ph.D. (16.12.2019)

Kachlík V., Chlupáč I. (1996): Základy geologie. Historická geologie. - Karolinum Praha. 341 pp. 
Press F., Siever R. (1998): Understanding Earth. Second Edition. - W.H. Freeman and Co., 682 pp. 
Plummer Ch. C., McGreary D. (1993): Physical Geology. Sixth Edition. - Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 537 pp. 
Skinner, J.B., Porter S.C. (1989): The Dynamic Earth. An introduction to physical geology, sec. ed.. J. Wiley and Sons., New York. 570 p. 

Requirements to the exam -
Last update: Mgr. Filip Tomek, Ph.D. (07.02.2022)

Credit requirement: obligatory attendance, rock recognition test

Exam: test

Syllabus -
Last update: Mgr. Filip Tomek, Ph.D. (07.02.2022)

1.      Introduction to geological sciences

·         History of geology

·         Origin and evolution of planet Earth

·         Characteristics of individual geospheres (core, mantle, crust)

 

2. Global plate tectonics

· Concept of plate tectonics

· Lithospheric plates and their global distribution

· Origin and destruction of the Earth's crust

· Interface of lithospheric plates

· Orogenesis

 

3. Rock-forming minerals 

· Introduction to endogenous and exogenous rock-forming processes

· Minerals, their origin, properties and rock-forming importance

 

4. Magmatic rocks 

· Magma and igneous rocks according to geological position

· Classification according to mineral and chemical composition

· Origin and occurrence of plutonic and volcanic rocks

 

5. Sedimentary rocks

· Rock weathering

· Mechanisms of transport of weathered material

· Sedimentation and diagenesis processes

· Classification of sedimentary rocks

 

6. Metamorphic rocks 

· Geological position and processes of metamorphosis

· Metamorphic zoning and facies

· Mineral associations and metamorphic reactions

· Recrystallization and formation of new minerals

· Main groups of metamorphic rocks

 

7. Structures and deformations

· Rock structures and textures

· Relationship of stress, deformation and resulting structures

· Brittle and ductile deformation

· Joints, faults, folds and cleavage

 

8. Stratigraphy

· Determination of relative and absolute age of rock bodies

· Principles of interpretation of relative age of rocks

· The key to deciphering the geological evolution of the Earth's crust

· Geological time scale

 

9. Exogenous Earth dynamics 

· Introduction to exogenous processes

· Rock weathering

· Gravity 

· Aeolian processes and deserts

 

10. Geological activity of water I - groundwater and glaciers

· Hydrological cycle

· Groundwater flow

· Karst phenomena

· Continental and mountain glaciers

· Glacial erosion and landscape formations 

 

11. Geological activity of water II - rivers and lakes

· Rivers and lakes

· Erosion, transport and accumulation activity of rivers

· Lakes

 

12. Geological activity of water III - deltas, seas and oceans

· Wave, tide and sea currents

· Characteristics of the marine environment from coast to deep sea

· Processes and sediments in deltas and estuaries

· Marine transgression and regression

· Deep-sea sediments

 
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