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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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General chemistry - MC280P82
Title: Obecná chemie
Czech title: Obecná chemie
Guaranteed by: Department of Chemistry Education (31-280)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2020
Semester: winter
E-Credits: 5
Examination process: winter s.:combined
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:3/2, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Level: basic
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: doc. RNDr. Petr Šmejkal, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): Mgr. David Fatka
Mgr. Tadeáš Kalvoda
RNDr. Dana Rédrová
RNDr. Eva Stratilová Urválková, Ph.D.
doc. RNDr. Petr Šmejkal, Ph.D.
Amálie Vanoušková
Incompatibility : MC260P119
Is incompatible with: MC260P54, MC260P139, MC260P119, MC260P33
In complex pre-requisite: MC260P01M, MC260P112
Annotation -
Last update: doc. RNDr. Petr Šmejkal, Ph.D. (11.10.2020)
The plenary lecture "General chemistry" provides the basic knowledge necessary for further study of chemical subjects. Interpretation is performed in basic level (in some chapters simplified). The aim of the lecture is to understand basic physical-chemical terms, relations and methodologies and their importance and practical use, with a number of examples from the study of the structure and function of biologically important molecules. The lecture assumes basic knowledge of mathematics, physics, and chemistry at the level of average secondary school. The lecture of 3 hours per week is supplemented by 2 hours per week seminar.
The lecture takes place in person, in case of impossibility to attend the faculty or the impossibility of full-time teaching, the course will take place in the online environment Microsoft Teams.
It is necessary to log in to the Microsoft Teams platform with a faculty/university e-mail and a faculty/university login!
Literature -
Last update: RNDr. Eva Stratilová Urválková, Ph.D. (25.10.2019)

P.W.Atkins: General Chemistry, Oxford University Press 1996

Requirements to the exam -
Last update: doc. RNDr. Petr Šmejkal, Ph.D. (29.10.2019)
To obtain the credit, it is necessary to pass tests during the semester with a gain of min. 60% points. The tests contain numerical and theoretical examples focused on the topics discussed in the lecture and in the exercises and are written in the exercises.

Examination: The exam consists of a written and an oral part. The written part contains theoretical knowledge and numerical examples on the topics discussed in the lecture and in the exercises. Examples often aim at understanding the context. The condition for passing the written part of the exam and for proceeding to the oral part of the exam is to obtain 60% points. The oral part of the exam includes written preparation and focuses on theoretical knowledge and context in the topics discussed at the lecture and in the secondary school of physics and chemistry.
Syllabus -
Last update: doc. RNDr. Petr Šmejkal, Ph.D. (29.10.2019)
1. Introduction - Basic concepts for characterization of substances and their systems, quantities and units. Basic chemical laws and principles. Dualistic nature of matter: matter and field.

2. Structure of atom - Structure of atomic nucleus, nuclides and isotopes. Nuclear stability and natural and artificial radioactivity. Electron shell of an atom: quantum mechanical model, atomic orbitals and their representation. Laws of electron envelope construction and periodicity of properties of elements.

3. Structure of molecules - Quantum mechanical explanation of chemical bonds, molecular orbitals, polarity of bonds, hybrid orbitals. Covalent, ionic, coordination covalent and weak binding interaction. Binding interactions in biologically important molecules.

4. Structure and properties of substances - Electrical, magnetic and optical properties of substances and their importance for the study of the structure of substances (overview). Overview of atomic and molecular spectroscopy methods, their principles and applications. Examples of spectroscopic studies of biologically important molecules.

5. State of matter - Gaseous state: ideal and real gas, equations of state, liquefaction of gases and critical state. Liquid state: vapor pressure over liquid, surface tension and viscosity of liquids (overview). Solid state: crystalline and amorphous substances, bond types in crystals.

6. Chemical kinetics - Basic concepts of chemical kinetics. Isolated 1st and 2nd order reactions. Simultaneous reactions: reversible, sequential and lateral (overview). Dependence of reaction rate on temperature, reaction mechanisms, catalysis.
7. Chemical energy - Basic concepts, quantities and principles of thermodynamics and their applications. Thermal balance of chemical reactions, characterization of system order, conditions of spontaneous course of chemical reactions in various types of systems.

8. Equilibrium states - Chemical potential and Gibbs phase law. Examples of phase diagram construction and application of Gibbs law of phases. Phase interface equilibrium and its practical use. Chemical equilibrium, principle of dynamic equilibrium, Guldberg - Waag law, equilibrium constant. Equilibrium composition of reaction mixture, degree of conversion of reactant, influence of reaction conditions on degree of conversion.

9. Electrochemistry - Equilibria in electrolyte solutions: basic concepts - electrolytic dissociation, strong and weak electrolytes, ideal and real solutions, ionic strength of solutions, activity. Solubility of salts. Definition of pH. Dissociation of acids and bases, dissociation constant. Hydrolysis of salts. Buffers. Calculation of pH solutions of acids, bases, salts and buffers. Electrolysis. Electrode equilibria, electrode potential. Types of electrodes and their practical use.
 
 
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