SubjectsSubjects(version: 945)
Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Forensic genetics and biology - MB140P49
Title: Forenzní genetika a biologie
Czech title: Forenzní genetika a biologie
Guaranteed by: Department of Genetics and Microbiology (31-140)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2020
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 4
Examination process: summer s.:combined
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/1, C+Ex [HT]
Extent per academic year: 2 [days]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Level: specialized
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: RNDr. Daniel Vaněk, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): RNDr. Daniel Vaněk, Ph.D.
Incompatibility : MB140P89
Is incompatible with: MB110P50
Annotation -
Last update: RNDr. Daniel Vaněk, Ph.D. (24.10.2019)
Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, short tandem repeats (STRS), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), sequence polymorphisms, population genetics, statistical evaluation of DNA typing results, DNA extraction from forensic samples, external factors influencing the stability of nucleic acids in forensic samples, archaeogenetics, genetic genealogy, contamination, DNA legislation, expert reports, quality assurance and ISO 17025 accreditation, DNA databases
Requirements to the exam -
Last update: RNDr. Daniel Vaněk, Ph.D. (24.10.2019)

 

Credits for practical exercise: requirements

In order to get a credit for the practical training you must: attend the practical training, write down a protocol for all experiments/assays and pass a written exam.

The dates of practical exercise exams (if applicable) are announced in the information system studijním informačním systému.

 

Exam: requirements

You are allowed to take an exam only if you previously got a credit for the practical exercise. The exam is combined: all students must pass (get a required number of points) the written exam. Subsequently the exam continues with oral part.

The dates of exams are announced in the information system studijním informačním systému.

Syllabus -
Last update: RNDr. Daniel Vaněk, Ph.D. (25.10.2019)

1. week: Basic terms, application of molecular biology into the forensic genetics, „ancient“ DNA typing methods (RFLP, VNTR, dot-blot), sérology vs. Forensic genetics, why DNA quality and quantity matters in forensic genetics, scientific bodies (ISFG, DAB, AAFS, SWGDAM,..), WHO is WHO in forensic genetics

2. week: Types of biological stains and the ways of their storage and processing, crime scene examination, collection of biological samples, contamination and counter-crosscontamination issues, body fluid examination, morfology of trichologic  material, fluorescent assays (FACS, FISH, …)
3. week: DNA extraction methods, differential extraction, automation, human specific and nonspecific DNA quantitation, degradation index,  inhibitor removal, , WGA (Whole Genome Amplification)
4. week: Polymorphic regions and repetitive sequences, mutations, specific instruments used by forensic genetics, short tandem repeats (STRs), single nucleotide polymophism (SNPs), mixed biological samples, chimerism, X-chromosome polymorphisms, low copy number (LCN)  samples, positive and negative samples, technical artefacts

5. week: Lineage markers on Y-chromosome (SNP, STR,..), mitochondrial DNA (D-loop hypervariable region, coding sequence, heteroplasmy,..), haplogroups and haplotypes, mutation speed of lineage samples, geographic origin of haplogroups, DNA and surnames, pathologies, DNA of famous (Adolf Hitler, Martin Bormann, Romanovci, Thomas Jefferson, Jesse James, Őtzi, St. Birgitta, Tutanchamon,…)

6. week: Statistical evaluation of DNA typing results, paternity index, familiar relationship, random match probability, likelihood ratios, individual vs. Group identification
7. week: CODIS, police DNA databases, public and research DNA databases, GDPR, reference sample sampling, mass screening, ethical and legal issues connected with sampling
8. week: The evidential value of DNA analysis, Innocence project, falsely negative and falsely positive DNA typing results, th ecommon errors, CSI effect
9. week: DNA identification of mass fatality incidents, multidisciplinary approach, specific requirements for DNA analysis of skeletal remains, contamination issues, casuistics (mass graves in BiH, 11.9.2001, archaeogenetics,..)
10. week: Forensic genetics and other forensic disciplines (legal medicine, toxikology, fingeprinting, microtraces,..)
11. week: DNA legislation (Czech Rep and abroad), DNA analysis as an evidence, expert reports vs. Expert opinions, ..
12. week: Certification, accreditation, internal and external audits, ISO 17025 a ILAC-G19, ISO 18385, interlaboratory comparisons, proficiency tests, calibration, verification, validation, DNA standards (NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology), expiration, national accreditation bodies, International Standards Organisation (ISO)
13. week: Special methods in forensic genetics – genetic genealogy, archeaogenetics, microbial forensics, post-mortem DNA diagnostics, DNage, farmacogenetics. Animal and plant genetics, RNA analysis, bioterorism, Next Generation Sequencing

 
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