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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Physiological plant anatomy - MB130P31
Title: Fyziologická anatomie rostlin
Czech title: Fyziologická anatomie rostlin
Guaranteed by: Department of Experimental Plant Biology (31-130)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2014
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 5
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:3/1, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: 5
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Explanation: Nezbytné předchozí absolvování přednášek MB130P13 a buď MB130P35 nebo MB130P61a nebo osvojení příslušných znalostí
Additional information: http://kfrserver.natur.cuni.cz/studium/prednasky/anatomie/fyziolanat/index.html
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: RNDr. Aleš Soukup, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): prof. RNDr. David Honys, Ph.D.
RNDr. Aleš Soukup, Ph.D.
RNDr. Edita Tylová, Ph.D.
Annotation -
Last update: RNDr. Hana Konrádová, Ph.D. (15.03.2019)
Course on plant anatomy for advanced students. It deals with structure of plant tissues and organs, with their evolution and development, with relationship between structure and function, and with effect of environment and of stress factors on plant structure

Literature -
Last update: RNDr. Hana Konrádová, Ph.D. (29.10.2019)

Pazourek, J., Votrubová, O.: Atlas of Plant Anatomy.- PERES Publishers, Prague 1997, ISBN 80-901691-2-0

Fahn, A.: Plant Anatomy, 4th edition, Pergamon Press, Oxford, New York, Beijing, Frankfurt, Sao Paulo, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto 1990, ISBN 0-08-037491-3

Esau, K.: Anatomy of Seed Plants, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore 1977, ISBN 0-471-02251-9

Mauseth, J.D.: Plant Anatomy, The Benjamin /Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. 1988, ISBN 0-8053-4570-1

Evert R.F.: Esau's Plant Anatomy: Meristems, Cells, and Tissues of the Plant Body: Their Structure, Function, and Development, John Wiley and Sons 2006, ISBN-10: 0-471-73843-3

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: RNDr. Hana Konrádová, Ph.D. (15.03.2019)

Kurz je ukončen ústní zkouškou. Zápočet za praktickou část je podmínkou zkoušky.

Syllabus -
Last update: RNDr. Hana Konrádová, Ph.D. (15.03.2019)

1. Introduction - history and development of plant anatomy. Significance of plant anatomy and its relationship to other botanical disciplines.
Development of organs and tissues during ontogeny. Classification of tissues and tissue systems.


2. Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma - cell types, function and distribution in plant organs. Transfer cells, structure and function


3. Secretory structures- classification, types of secreted substances, mechanisms of secretion, importance of secretion.


4. Vascular tissues

Phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of vascular tissues.

Xylem - functions, cell types in xylem and their development, transport mechanisms, structure in relation to function in water conductance

Phloem - functions, cell types and their development, transport mechanism, life length of phloem

5. Meristems.

Significance of meristems for sessile organisms. Classification of meristems. Apical meristems of roots and shoots, meristems of secondary growth.

6. Root

Root function, root growth and development. Structure, function and development of rhizodermis, cortex (exodermis and endodermis), central cylinder and root cap. Lateral roots- their development and function.
Root symbioses with nitrogen fixing bacteria, mykorhizae. Modified roots (aerial roots, haustoria etc.)

7. Stem

Stem types, stem growth and development. Structure of internodes and nodes

8. Leaf

Leaf functions, growth and development of leaves. Structure of leaf blade and petiole. Epidermis (structure, function and distribution of stomata, ordinary epidermal cells and trichomes). Leaf mesophyl, veins, and bundle sheaths. Leaves of C3 and C4 plants, needles, leaves of xerophytes. Effect of environmental factors on leaf structure. Leaf ontogeny

9. Secondary growth

Significance and occurrence of secondary growth. Vascular cambium - origin of cambium, cambial initials. Regulation of cambial activity.
Deuteroxylem - axial and radial system, arrangement in different plant types. Heartwood and sapwood
Deuterophloem - axial and radial system,
Secondary dermal tissues - cork cambium, origin and function, ?cork cambia. Periderm, rhytidome, lenticells

10. Reproductive organs

I: Sexuality as the final stage of plant differentiation. Alteration of haplo- and diplophase in higher plants. Development of flower and pistil. Differentiation of stigma, style and ovary. Development of female gametophyte.

II. Male gametophyte development: microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis. Gene expression in a haploid system. Gametophytic-sporophytic interactions. Pollen transmission on stigma surface and pollination. Fertilisation and seed development.

 
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