SubjectsSubjects(version: 945)
Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Phytohormones - MB130P15
Title: Fytohormony
Czech title: Fytohormony
Guaranteed by: Department of Experimental Plant Biology (31-130)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2018
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 4
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: 5
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Additional information: http://kfrserver.natur.cuni.cz/studium/prednasky/fytohorm/fytohormony.pdf
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: Ing. Klára Hoyerová, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): Ing. Klára Hoyerová, Ph.D.
doc. RNDr. Radomíra Vaňková, CSc.
Incompatibility : MB130P15E
Is incompatible with: MB130P15E
Annotation -
Last update: Ing. Klára Hoyerová, Ph.D. (13.03.2019)
Systems of plant growth regulation, signalling cascades. Phytohormones - general characteristics, mechanisms of action. Auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, strigolactones, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, peptide hormones - metabolism, mechanism of action, physiological effects and cross-talk. Metods of phytohormone research.
We suggest completing a course on Plant physiology before attending this course.


Literature -
Last update: RNDr. Hana Konrádová, Ph.D. (29.10.2019)

Buchanan BB, Gruissem W, Jones RL: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of  Plants, Wiley Blackwell & ASPP, 2015, ISBN: 978-0-470-71421-8.

Davies PJ (ed): Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action! Springer/Kluwer, revised 3rd edition. ISBN: 978-1-4020-2685-0 (PB), 2010.

Matsubayashi Y: Posttranslationally modified small-peptide signals in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 65:385-413, 2014.

Zažímalová E, Petrášek J, Benková E (eds): Auxin and Its Role in Plant Development, pp. 444, DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1526-8_1, © Springer-Verlag Wien 2014.

Taiz L, Zeiger E, eds.: Plant Physiology, 6th eddition, pp. 761. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, MA, 2015.

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: Ing. Klára Hoyerová, Ph.D. (13.03.2019)

Zkouška ústní.

Syllabus -
Last update: Ing. Klára Hoyerová, Ph.D. (13.03.2019)

1. Basic terms: phytohormone, growth regulator. Phytohormone types. Theory of hormonal regulation of plant growth and development. Methods in phytohormone research. Mechanisms of action of phytohormones, signaling cascades.

2. Auxins.
Discovery of auxins in plants. Physiological effects of auxins. Chemical structure and properties of auxins and antiauxins. Metabolism of auxins (biosynthesis, conjugation, degradation). Regulation of internal concentration of auxins. Transgenic plants in respect to auxins. Transport of auxins, polarity, translocation across plasmamembrane, carriers, inhibitors of polar auxin transport. Transduction of auxin signal, receptors, signaling pathways, gene expression, ubiquitination. Methods of extraction and determination of auxins.

3. Cytokinins.
Discovery of cytokinins in plants. Physiological effects of cytokinins. Chemical structure and properties of cytokinins (isoprenoid, aromatic, urea-type) and anticytokinins. Metabolism of cytokininins (biosynthesis, conjugation, degradation). Regulation of internal concentration of cytokinins. Transgenic plants in respect to cytokinins. Transport of cytokinins. Transduction of cytokinin signal, receptors, signaling pathways. Methods of extraction and determination of cytokinins.

4. Gibberellins.
Discovery of gibberellins in plants. Chemical structure and properties of gibberellins. Metabolism of gibberellins (biosynthesis, mutual interconversion, conjugation, degradation). Mechanisms of action of gibberellins - signal transduction, effect on gene expression. Physiological effects of gibberellins - role of mutants in their research. Methods of extraction and determination of gibberellins.

5. Abscisic acid.
Discovery of abscisisc acid (ABA) in plants. Chemical structure and properties of ABA. Metabolism of ABA (biosynthesis, conjugation, degradation). Mechanisms of action of ABA - signal transduction, effect on gene expression, antagonism with gibberellins. Physiological effects of ABA. ABA as a stress hormone. Transport of ABA from roots. Methods of extraction and determination of ABA.

6. Ethylene.
Discovery of ethylene in plants. Chemical structure and properties of ethylene. Ethylene as a gaseous hormone - compartmentation in plant tissues. Metabolism of ethylene (biosynthesis, degradation and conjugation of its precursor). Mechanisms of action of ethylene - receptors, signal transduction, effect on gene expression. Physiological effects of ethylene - role of mutants in their research. Ethylene and stress. Methods of ethylene determination.

7. Polyamines, brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, oligosaccharines, peptide hormones.
Chemical structure and properties of these substances. Metabolism (biosynthesis and degradation). Mechanisms of action - signal transduction. Physiological effects. Systemic response to biotic stress. Methods of determination.

8. Phenolic compounds, including salicylic acid.
Spectrum of phenolic compounds in plants. Metabolism of phenolic compounds (biosynthesis, interconversion, degradation). Mechanisms of action of some phenolic compounds, especially salicylic acid. Physiological effects of these compounds - secondary metabolites or regulatory substances? Methods of determination of phenolic compounds.

 
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