|
|
|
||
|
Last update: PhDr. Gabriela Kubátová, Ph.D. (14.04.2006)
|
|
||
|
Last update: doc. Mgr. Ondřej Koukol, Ph.D. (06.12.2011)
Carlile M.J., Watkinson S.C. & Gooday G.W. (2004): The Fungi, 2nd Edition. Elsevier. 588 pp. Dix N. J. & Webster J. (1995): Fungal Ecology. Chapman & Hall. 549 pp. Gadd G.M. (2006): Fungi in Biogeochemical cycles. BMS. 469 pp. Boddy L. & Coleman M. (eds) (2010): From another kingdom. Kew. 176 pp. Antonín V. & Pouzar Z. (2004): Houby - česká encyklopedie. Reader‘s Digest. 448 pp. Gryndler M. (2004): Mykorhizní houby. Academia. Hudler G.W. (1998): Magical muschrooms, mischievous molds. Princeton University Press. 248 pp. Škubla P. (1989): Tajomné huby. Priroda. 359 pp. Hrouda P.: Ekologie hub (http://www.sci.muni.cz/botany/mycology/ekolhub.htm)
… a mnoho dalších časopiseckých článků, review, popularizačních článků, apod. prezentovaných během přednášek. |
|
||
|
Last update: doc. Mgr. Ondřej Koukol, Ph.D. (06.12.2011)
Zkouška je písemná. Student si předem vybere ze zveřejněného seznamu jednu otázku a připraví si ji před příchodem na vlastní zkouškou (tedy doma a ne až na "potítku"). Druhou otázku určí pedagog, vychází přitom z jiného tématického okruhu.
Ke zkoušce jsou požadovány ucelené a logicky řazené odpovědi na otázky, orientace v odborné terminologii a odborných názvech hub a syntéza problematiky probírané v rámci odlišných lekcí. Rozsah odpovídá přednášené látce, doplňující informace z literatury jsou ale vítány.
Na zpracování otázek je cca 45 - 60 min. |
|
||
|
Last update: BEZLEPKA (05.03.2007)
Position, function and forms of fungi in ecosystems. Fungi and their roles in ecosystems. Spores, hyphae, mycelium, haustoria, appressorium, mycelial strands, rhizomorphs, sirotium, sclerotia, stroma. Plectenchyma, prosenchyma, pseudoparenchyma. Hyphae - four different zones. Types of apical zones.
Fungi and environmental condition. Influence of physical factors. Light. Phototrophic species, positive and negative phototropism. Light-dark cycles. Forms in the dark. Temperature. Psychrophilic, thermophilic, psychrotolerant, thermotolerant fungi. Mesophiles. Water availability. Water activity, water potential. Xerophilic, xerotolerant, osmophilic, osmotolerant, hygrophilic fungi. Hydrogen ion concentration. Acidophilous species. Acidic and alkaline conditions. Aeration. Strict aerobes to facultative anaerobes. Obligate and facultative fermenters. Effect of nutrition.
Requirement of nutrients and growth of slime molds × fungi. Phagocytosis, pinocytosis. Assimilative absorptive phase. Growth curve. Interspecific interactions: commensalism, symbiosis, competition, antagonism, metabiosis, parasitism, mutualism. Obligate saprotrophic and parasitic fungi, facultative saprotrophic and parasitic fungi. Plant-biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi and their hosts. Autecology, synecology.
Movements and chorology of fungi. Tropisms, taxis. Physical movements (hygroscopic, cohesive). Fructification, fairy rings. Spore dispersal. Chorology of fungi: anemo-, hydro- and zoochory. Competition, competitors, ecological niche, strategies, selection, evolution. Areals, individuum, populations, colonies, cultures, subcultures. Adaptability and succession.
Saprotrophs. Degradation of natural substrata. Colonization of woody tissues. Litter-decomposing and woody-decomposing fungi. Hydrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, chitin. Different types of wood rot. Fungal endophytes. Composting.
Parasites. Fungi ×slime molds, fungi, (plants), invertebrates, animals, human. Mycoparasitism. Myxomyceticolous and fungicolous fungi, hyperparasitism. Nematode-trapping fungi and their mechanisms. Dermatomycosis, systemic mycosis.
Mutualistic symbionts. Fungi and animals. Mycophagous organisms. Ambrosia fungi and bark beetles. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhizal types. Endomycorrhizas: vesicular-arbuscular, ericaceous, orchidaceous. Ectomycorrhizas. Ectendomycorrhizas: arbutoid, monotropoid. Lichenism. Photobiont, mycobiont.
Some important habitats and their fungal communities. Fungal communities and substrat succession on leaves, needles, litter, remains of microfauna and animals. Phylloplane fungi, phyllosphere. Autochtonous, exochtonous fungi. Coprophilous, keratinophilic fungi. Anthracophilous (phoenicoid), nematophagous fungi. Fungi of extreme environments. Fungi in nests. Aquatic (freshwater, marine) fungi. Fungi of soil and rhizosphere. Soil fungistasis. Changes of mushrooms mycoflora as result of environmental pollution. Bioindication. |