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Clinical Pharmacy I - GAF345
Title: Clinical Pharmacy I
Guaranteed by: Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy (16-16220)
Faculty: Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
Actual: from 2019
Semester: winter
Points: 0
E-Credits: 8
Examination process: winter s.:oral
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:70/36, C+Ex [HS]
Capacity: unlimited / unlimited (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
Guarantor: doc. PharmDr. Daniela Fialová, Ph.D.
Comes under: 4.ročník 2023/24 AJ
4.ročník 2023/24 AJ (obor ENG)
Pre-requisite : GAF340
Interchangeability : GAF311
Is co-requisite for: GAF348
Annotation -
Last update: doc. PharmDr. Daniela Fialová, Ph.D. (28.09.2023)
The subject of Clinical Pharmay I. (CP I.) is targeted at gaining basic knowledge and skills in clinical pharmacy, necessary for continuing studies in the subjects Clinical Pharmacy II (CP II) and Pharmaceutical Care II (CPII). The subject Clinical Pharmacy I. and II. are core subjects within the branch of pregraduate specialty in Clinical pharmacy. Subject CP I. creates also an important base for clinically-oriented pharmaceutical care in pharmacies, lectured and trained in the subject Pharmaceutical Care II (CP II.). The content of the subject Clinical pharmacy I. (CP I.) in oriented on selected nosological units and particularly: ethiopatogenesis and epidemiology of disorders, risk factors (including drug-related risk factors), complications (when disease is untreated or inappropriately treated/managed), to clinical manifestation of disorders (symptomatology and basic diagnostic tests), aims of therapy (with the emphasis on aims of pharmacotherapy), main treatment strategies (including both pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies), frequently indicated drug schemes and other treatment modalities. Knowledge on class effects of drugs, their main mechanisms of action, efficacy, clinical indications and contraindications are lectured and trained here also. Clinical pharmacy I. enhaces knowledge and skills of students in main principles of the evaluation of appropriate drug indications, contraindications and the basic rationality of indicated drug regimens. Knowledge in CP I. focuses mainly on appropriateness of clinical indications and contraindications of frequently used drugs in patients with selected comorbidities and other clinical characteristics and on standard clinical recommendations. CP I. is a prerecvisity for the subject Clinical Pharmacy II (CP II) which further broaden students´ knowledge in principles of individualization of drug schemes in specific patient populations/risky patient groups and in individualization of drug regimens in concrete patient clinical cases. The emphasis in both subjects (CPI and CP II) is on improvement of utilization of clinical knowledge and skills in clinical practice. Teacher of interactive lectures and seminars: Prof. Dr. J. Vlček, CSc. (vlcek@faf.cuni.cz), Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, new campus,e-mail: vlcek@faf.cuni.cz; phone: 00420 739 488 202 Lectures and seminars are held according to actual schedule of the subject Clinical Pharmacy I.-ENGL sent by teacher to students by email. Study materials are sent to students by teacher as well. Updates of instructions, materials or changes in the teaching hours are sent to students before lectures and seminars.
Course completion requirements -
Last update: doc. PharmDr. Daniela Fialová, Ph.D. (28.09.2023)

I/ Credit - conditions

-          80% presents in the lectures and seminars. If not, it will be necessary to prepare one case from particular topic = 3hour

-          Successful credit test (70%)

 

a/ Written credit test content

Basic principles of rational pharmacotherapy + arterial hypertension

Dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis

Ischemic heart disease, congestive heart disease

Diabetes mellitus + thyreopathy

Pain management

Respiratory and urinary diseases

GIT disease (peptic ulcer, GERD, diarrhea, constipation)

Rational pharmacotherapy of infectious diseases

Asthma bronchiale, COPD

Anemia, depressive disease

Diabetes mellitus

Explain: Goal of the treament, Diagnostic methods, Strategy of the treatment of acute and chronic forms of disease

b/Discussion on your own case (an ill relative or close person), mechanisms of the effects and side effects of medicines and their indication and contraindication, what is the goal, if it can be reached or was reached, analysis of the patient case..... This case will b prepared by the student and discussed also during the oral examination

 

II/ Oral examination

Oral examination consists of 3 sections

1/ Section No 1: Knowledge regarding selected nosological unit

 

1/ Arterial hypertension                    

2/ Diabetes mellitus type I                

3/ Diabetes mellitus type II              

4/ Hypothyroidism                            

5/ Coronary heart disease                 

6/ Congestive heart disease  

7/ Peptic ulcer                       

8/ Asthma bronchiale                       

9/ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

10/ Respiratory infection

11/ Urinary tract infection

12/ Viral infections – overview and differences against bacterial diseases from point of view of symptoms, complications, strategy and analysis of one (self-selected) viral disease according to the structure of the nosological unit

13/ Cardiac arrhythmias

14/ Atherosclerosis   

15/ Dyslipidaemia

16/ Deep venous thromboembolism

17/ Peripheral artery disease

18/ Constipation

19/ Diarrhoea

20/ Benign prostatic hyperplasia

21/ Sleep disorders

22/ Depression

23/ Pain - generally principles of pain management                       

24/ Neuropathic pain, back pain

25//Headache

26/ Hyperthyroidisms           

27/ Principles of rational use of anti-infective drugs

28/ Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

29/ Mycotic and fungal diseases– overview and differences against bacterial disease from the point of view of symptoms, complications, and treatment strategies and analysis of one of viral disease according to the structure of the nosological unit

30/ Epilepsy

31/ Parkinson disease and dementia

32/ Anaemia

33/ Emesis and motion sickness

34/ Stroke

 

Answer is requested in this order:

Short characteristic of the disease (approx. 10 sentences)

Etiopathogenesis

Causes and triggers of disease

Complication of non-treated or wrongly treated disease

Epidemiology and risk factors of disease

Symptomatology

Diagnosis (5 question of diagnostics (a diagnostic method what allows health care workers to answer 5 questions: 1/ does patient suffer from disease; 2/ what is the severity of disease and are there present complications of disease? 3/ are there present risk factors and triggers of a particular disease? 4/ are there present risk factors of complications? 5/ does treatment reach the aim?)

Aim of the treatment

Strategy of treatment of acute form and chronic form of disease (with focus mainly on pharmacotherapy)

Medicines used in pharmacotherapeutic strategies (therapeutical properties (pharmacology, evidence based medicine, and population based clinical experience);

For Erasmus students without credit from pharmacology exam the examination will be enlarged in about 15 minutes and in this time will be examined pharmacological knowledge. Erasmus students without prerequisites have to self-study pharmacology properties of medicines used in a particular nosological unit before lecture or to ask for consultation at the Department of Pharmacology

 

2/ Section No 2:

Main indications and contraindications of selected groups of drugs, incl. theoretical explanation of mechanism of effect and adverse drug reactions or their class effect

1/ Beta blockers

2/ Calcium channel blockers

3/ ACE-I

4/ Sartanes

5/ Nitrates, salt of magnesium and calcium

6/ Inhibitors of renin, central sympatholytics

7/ Drugs for benign prostate hyperplasia

8/ Thyroidal hormones

9/ Diuretics

10/ Alfa-sympatholytic agents

11/ Beta-sympathomimetics

12/ Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

13/ Proton pump inhibitors and antacids

14/ Prokinetics, alginates, antacids

15/ Laxative agents

16/ Antihistamines

17/ Anticoagulant agents

18/ Corticosteroids

19/ Paracetamol and weak opioids

20/ Hormonal contraception, hormonal replacing therapy

21/ Penicillines, macrolides

22/ Fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides

23/ Antidepressants

24/ Antimycotics

25/ Antivirotic agents

26/ Antidiabetics

27/ Antiplatelet agents

28/ Agents with anticholinergic activity

29/ Amiodarone, propafenon, digoxin

30/ Hypnotics

31/ Thyreostatics

32/ Hypolipidemics

33/ Medication for the treatment of diarrhoea

34/ Agents with dopaminergic activity

 

To state basic indication and contraindication of a particular group of drugs – please have in mind that some drug classes must be divided into subgroups due to different indications and contraindication (example: calcium channel blockers- division into cardiodepressive CaB (1st generation) and dihydropyridines (2nd generation)

It´s possible to estimate indications and contraindications of a particular medicine on the base of knowledge of the mechanism of effect and characteristic of the nosologic unit (eg: for asthma bronchiale is characteristic bronchoconstriction, so drug causing bronchoconstrictions are contraindicated). Knowledge of the mechanism of effect of medicines and etiopathogenesis of many diseases is necessary for successful passing of the examination!

 

3/ Section No 3: Preparation of one patient case

– IT IS NECESSARY TO SEND THE PATIENT CASE ONE WEAK BEFORE EXAMINATION FOR APPROVAL

 Structure of a patient case (usually a close person):

Characteristics of the patient – age, gender, family history, symptoms and diagnosis

Personal history (diagnosis and symptoms)

The goal of the treatment of disease

Clinical investigation and lab data, if available (blood pressure, glycaemia) – here train 5 questions of diagnostics!

List of used medicines (trade names, INNs, dosage schemes, indication/reason of the use)

Opinion of the patient: how he/she evaluates the therapy, how he/she administers a particular drug

 

Discussion:

Does any medicine reach an aim?

Does the medicine cause harm (state mainly contraindication; it´s voluntary to analyze some adverse drug reactions (ADR), drug-drug interactions) and is it possible to measure any theoretical future harm?

Is any particular medicine missed in the drug scheme? Why?

Would you recommend to stop some medicines? Why?

How to improve drug non – adherence?

 

You can answer questions: yes; no; I don´t know–but always explain why do you think so?

!!! Not all topics are lectured. You must be able to use main algorithms of patient case solution and to self-study some topics from different sources (used during previous study years)

 

 

 

 

Literature -
Last update: doc. PharmDr. Daniela Fialová, Ph.D. (20.09.2023)

Obligatory:

  • ROGER WALKER, BPHARM, PHD, FRPHARMS, FFPH AND CATE WHITTLESEA, BSC, MSC, PHD, MRPHARMS. . Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 5th Edition. . Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone, 2012, 908 s. ISBN 978-0-7020-4293-5.

Recommended:

  • ED. CLAIRE L PRESTON. . Stockley's Drug Interactions-11th Edition.. UK: Pharmaceutical Press, 2016, 1840 s. s. ISBN 978 0 85711 270 5.
  • BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION . British National Formulary. UK: Royal British Society, 2015, s. ISBN 299701920.
  • BMJ Case reports [online]. Dostupné z: http://casereports.bmj.com/

Syllabus -
Last update: doc. PharmDr. Daniela Fialová, Ph.D. (30.09.2023)

Study program: Pharmacy

Course title: Clinical Pharmacy I.

Code of the course: GAF345

Department: Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy

Garant of the course: Assoc. prof. Daniela Fialová, PharmD., Ph.D.

Teacher of the course: prof. Dr. Jiří Vlček, CSc. (vlcek@faf.cuni.cz); phone contact: 00420 739 488 202

State of the course: compulsory

ECTS: 8

Lectures (hours/semester): 70 hours/winter, Seminars/practice (hours/semester): 36 hours/winter

Credit: written exam and discussion on patient case

Examination: oral exam + discussion on clinical case of ill relative - preparing word and PowerPoint presentation  

Syllabus

Subject aims

The subject of Clinical Pharmacy I. (CP I.) is aimed at gaining basic knowledge and skills in clinical pharmacy, necessary for continuing studies in Clinical Pharmacy II (CP II), the core subject within the pregraduate branch of Clinical pharmacy. This subject (CP I.) creates also an important base for clinically oriented pharmaceutical care in pharmacies, lectured and trained in the subject Pharmaceutical Care II (CP II.).

The content of the subject Clinical pharmacy I. (CP I.) is oriented (for selected nosologic units) to ethiopathogenesis and epidemiology of disorders, risk factors (including drug-related risk factors), complications (when disease is untreated or inappropriately treated/managed), to clinical manifestation of disorders (symptomatology and basic diagnostic tests), diagnosis – 5 questions of diagnostics –(1/does a patient suffer with disease; 2/ what is the severity of disease, 3/ risk factors of disease are present?; 4/risk factors of complications of disease are present?; 5/ is there a probability to reach the goal?), aims of therapy (with the emphasis on aims of pharmacotherapy), main treatment strategies (including both pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies of acute and chronic stage of disease), frequently indicated drug schemes and other treatment modalities. Knowledge about class effect of drugs, their main mechanism of action, efficacy, clinical indications and contraindications are also lectured and trained.

Clinical pharmacy I. educates students in main principles of the evaluation of appropriate drug indications, contraindications and in the basic rationality of drug regimen. Knowledge in CP I. are focused mainly on appropriateness of clinical indications and contraindications of frequently used drugs in patients with selected comorbidities and other clinical characteristics and on standard clinical recommendations. CP I. is a prerecvisity for the subject Clinical Pharmacy II (CP II) which further broaden students´ knowledge in principles of individualization of drug schemes for specific patient populations/groups and in individualization of drug regimens in concrete patient cases.

 

List of lectured topics

One date = 2hours (lectures combined with seminars) 

3.10. A203  

Introduction into the subject. Principles of rational pharmacotherapy. Arterial hypertension.

 

Atherosclerotic diseases (generally)

 

Dyslipidemia

10.10. A103

 11:30 – 13:05        

Peripheral artery disease. Ischemic heart disease.

 

Arrhythmia.

 

Congestive heart failure (chronic, acute)  

17.10. A203

              

Stroke and transient ischemic disease 

 

Diabetes mellitus

 

Thyreopathy

24.10. A203

Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urine incontinence.

 

Pain management (generally)  

 

Pain (continue.): Rheumatoid arthritis. Gout. Back pain.                             

31 .10. A203

Osteoarthritis; Osteoporosis 

 

Asthma bronchiale and COPD

 

Diseases based on thrombophilia, deep venous thrombosis

7.11. A203

Rational use of anti-infective agents (viral, fungal and bacterial infections – general overview

 

Infections of upper and lower respiratory tract   

 

Urinary infections,

14.11. A203

Antivirotics, antimycotics.

 

Dyspepsia, vomiting, motion sickness, peptic ulcer disease

 

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), diarrhea, obstipation

 

Inflammatory bowel disease

21.11. A203

Anemia

 

Depressive disorder, insomnia

 

Anxiety and panic disorder

28.11. A203

Parkinson disease

 

Dementia

 

Indication-contraindication (open voting test)

5.12

Schizophrenia

 

Epilepsy

12.12.

Cases 1

 

Credit test 1

19.12.

Cases

2.1.

Analysis of credit test

9.1.

Consultation

 

 

 

Seminars in A203/campus

Content: cases and repetition of knowledge regarding disease (diagnostic method, aim, strategy….) and discussion of your homework from the preliminary week

Time:   

5.10 - 7.11. 2023:                                   13:00 – 15:45pm   

 ! seminar 10.10. takes place in the room A103,  11:30 – 13:05                                                                     

14.11. 2023 – 10.1.2024                      15:45 - 17:10pm + 17:20 – 18:15 (3hours):                       

 

3.10.   Basic principles of rational pharmacotherapy + arterial hypertension

17.10. Dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis

24.10. Ischemic heart disease, congestive heart disease

30.10. Diabetes mellitus + thyreopathy (exceptionally on Monday 11:30 – 1:05pm)

31.10. Pain management

7.11.   Rational pharmacotherapy of infection disease

14.11. Asthma bronchiale, COPD, Respiratory and urinary infections + 1 case

21.11. GIT disease (peptic ulcer, GERD, diarrhea, constipation + 1 case

28.11. Algorithms of pharmaceutical care (3hours) + 2 cases

5.12.   Deep venous thrombosis, disease based on thrombophilia + 2 cases

12.12  Anemia, depressive disease + 2 cases  

Credit - conditions

-          80% of seminars. If not, it will be necessary to prepare one case from particular topic = 3hour

-          Successful credit test

a/ credit test content

aims, risk factors of disease, risk factors of complication, basic diagnostic method + strategy of disease treatment discussed during seminars

Content:

Basic principles of rational pharmacotherapy + arterial hypertension

Dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis

Ischemic heart disease, congestive heart disease

Diabetes mellitus + thyreopathy

Pain management

Respiratory and urinary disease

GIT disease (peptic ulcer, GERD, diarrhea, constipation)

Rational pharmacotherapy of infectious diseases

Asthma bronchiale, COPD

Anemia, depressive disease

Diabetes mellitus

b/ Discussion on your own patient case (an ill relative or close person), mechanisms of the effects and side effects of medicines and their indication and contraindication, what is the goal, if it can be reachable or was reached, analyses of the patient case. This case prepared by the student will be discussed also during the oral examination

Oral examination

Condition to register for exam:

1/ credit from clinical pharmacy 1

2/ accepted prepared patient case_must be sended 2 weeks before exam on e-mail: vlcek@faf.cuni.cz)  …type in title of patient case report “case_23_name of the student” (eg: “case_23_Vlcek Jiri”)

3/ record in SIS with information that student passed exam from pharmacology.

Consultation (another as planned for January 10th) before examination without payment for students participating on 80 % of lectures)

 

Sections of oral exam

1/ Section No 1:

Knowledge regarding selected nosological unit. Answer is requested in this order:

Short characteristic of the disease (approx. 10 sentences)

Etiopathogenesis

Causes and triggers of disease

Complication of non-treated or wrongly treated disease

Epidemiology and risk factors of disease

Symptomatology

Diagnosis (5 question of diagnostics (a diagnostic method what allows health care workers to answer 5 questions: 1/ does patient suffer from disease; 2/ what is the severity of disease and are there present complications of disease? 3/ are there present risk factors and triggers of a particular disease? 4/ are there present risk factors of complications? 5/ does treatment reach an aim?)

Aim of the treatment

Strategy of treatment of acute form and chronic form of disease (with focus mainly on pharmacotherapy)

Medicines used in pharmacotherapeutic strategies (therapeutical properties (pharmacology, evidence based medicine, and population based clinical experience);

For Erasmus students without credit from pharmacology exam the examination will be enlarged in about 15 minutes and in this time will be examined pharmacological knowledge. Erasmus students without prerequisites have to self-study pharmacology properties of medicines used in a particular nosological unit before lecture or to ask for consultation at the Department of Pharmacology

2/ Section No 2: Main indications and contraindications of selected groups of drugs, incl. theoretical explanation of mechanism of effect and adverse drug reactions or their class effect

Not all topics are lectured. You must be able to use main algorithms of patient case solution and to self-study some topics from different sources (used during previous study years)

 

3/ Section No 3: Discussion of the prepared patient case

 

Learning resources -
Last update: doc. PharmDr. Daniela Fialová, Ph.D. (28.09.2023)

Study support for the subject is e-learning course Clinical Pharmacy I.- in Moodle on website:

https://dl1.cuni.cz/course/view.php?id=1101 ....for English branch, updated documents are sent by teacher prof. Vlček via email to registered students

Teaching methods -
Last update: doc. PharmDr. Daniela Fialová, Ph.D. (30.09.2023)

Methods of education:

- lectures followed by interactive seminars 

- individual student work on patient case reports that undergo teacher´s review 

Active preparation of students: It is necessary to refresh your knowledge regarding pharmacological properties of particular medicines and knowledge regarding particular nosologic unit, which will be lectured

 

Guarant of the subject: Assoc. prof. Fialová Daniela, PharmD, Ph.D. (daniela.fialova@faf.cuni.cz)

 

Lecturer: Prof. RNDr. Jiří Vlček, CSc. (vlcek@faf.cuni.cz); phone contact: 00420 739 488 202

Lectures and seminars are held once weekly according to schedule sent by prof. Vlček.

Lectures and seminars 2023/2024

Lectures:

One date = 2hours (lectures combined with seminars)

 

3.10. A203  

Introduction into the subject. Principles of rational pharmacotherapy. Arterial hypertension.

 

Atherosclerotic diseases (generally)

 

Dyslipidemia

10.10. A103 

11:30 – 13:05                     

Peripheral artery disease. Ischemic heart disease.

 

Arrhythmia.

 

Congestive heart failure (chronic, acute)  

17.10. A203

Stroke and transient ischemic disease 

 

Diabetes mellitus

 

Thyreopathy

24.10. A203

Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urine incontinence.

 

Pain management (generally)  

 

Pain (continue.): Rheumatoid arthritis. Gout. Back pain.                             

31 .10. A203

Osteoarthritis; Osteoporosis 

 

Asthma bronchiale and COPD

 

Diseases based on thrombophilia, deep venous thrombosis

7.11. A203

Rational use of anti-infective agents (viral, fungal and bacterial infections – general overview

 

Infections of upper and lower respiratory tract   

 

Urinary infections,

14.11. A203

Antivirotics, antimycotics.

 

Dyspepsia, vomiting, motion sickness, peptic ulcer disease

 

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), diarrhea, obstipation

 

Inflammatory bowel disease

21.11. A203

Anemia

 

Depressive disorder, insomnia

 

Anxiety and panic disorder

28.11. A203

Parkinson disease

 

Dementia

 

Indication-contraindication (open voting test)

5.12

Schizophrenia

 

Epilepsy

 

Osteoporosis

12.12.

Cases 1

 

Credit test 1

19.12.

Cases

2.1.

Analysis of credit test

9.1.

Consultation

 

 

Seminars in A203/campus

Content: cases and repetition of knowledge regarding disease (diagnostic method, aim, strategy….) and discussion of your homework from the preliminary week

Time:   

5.10 - 7.11. 2023:                                   13:00 – 15:45pm

! seminar 10.10. 2023 is in the room A103     11:30 – 13:05                                                                                      

14.11. 2023 – 10.1.2024                      15:45 - 17:10pm + 17:20 – 18:15 (3hours):                       

 

3.10.   Basic principles of rational pharmacotherapy + arterial hypertension

17.10. Dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis

24.10. Ischemic heart disease, congestive heart disease

 

30.10. Diabetes mellitus + thyreopathy (exceptionally on Monday 11:30 – 1:05pm)

31.10. Pain management

7.11.   Rational pharmacotherapy of infection disease

14.11. Asthma bronchiale, COPD, Respiratory and urinary infections + 1 case

21.11. GIT disease (peptic ulcer, GERD, diarrhea, constipation + 1 case

28.11. Pharmaceutical care 1 Algorithm (3hours) + 2 cases

5.12.   Deep venous thrombosis, disease based on thrombophilia + 2 cases

12.12  Anemia, depressive disease + 2 cases  

 

Credit - conditions

-          80% of seminars. If not, it will be necessary to prepare one case from particular topic = 3hour

-          Successful credit test

 

a/ credit test content

aims, risk factors of disease, risk factors of complication, basic diagnostic method + strategy of disease treatment discussed during seminars

 

Content:

Basic principles of rational pharmacotherapy + arterial hypertension

Dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis

Ischemic heart disease, congestive heart disease

Diabetes mellitus + thyreopathy

Pain management

Respiratory and urinary disease

GIT disease (peptic ulcer, GERD, diarrhea, constipation)

Rational pharmacotherapy of infectious diseases

Asthma bronchiale, COPD

Anemia, depressive disease

Diabetes mellitus

 

b/ Discussion on your own patient case (an ill relative or close person), mechanisms of the effects and side effects of medicines and their indication and contraindication, what is the goal, if it can be reachable or was reached, analyses of the patient case. This case prepared by the student will be discussed also during the oral examination

 

 

Requirements to the exam -
Last update: doc. PharmDr. Daniela Fialová, Ph.D. (28.09.2023)

Credit - conditions

-          70% of seminars absolved. If not fulfilled, it will be necessary to prepare one case from topic

-          Successful credit test

Exam

Condition to register for exam:

1/ credit from clinical pharmacy 1

2/ accepted case sent 2 weeks before exam on e-mail: vlcek@faf.cuni.cz_(type in the subject of email: case_22/23, name of the file = name of student (eg: Vlcek_Jiri)

3/ record from SIS with information that you passed exam from pharmacology.

Consultation (another than planned for January 10th) before examination (without payment for students participating on 80% of lectures)

 

Oral examination- 3 sections for the exam

 

I/ First section: knowledge on the nosological unit

1/ Arterial hypertension                    

2/ Diabetes mellitus type I                

3/ Diabetes mellitus type II              

4/ Hypothyroidism                            

5/ Coronary heart disease                 

6/ Congestive heart disease  

7/ Peptic ulcer                       

8/ Asthma bronchiale                       

9/ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

10/ Respiratory infection

11/ Urinary tract infection

12/ Viral infections – overview and differences against bacterial diseases from point of view of symptoms, complications, strategy and analysis of one (self-selected) viral disease according to the structure of the nosological unit

13/ Cardiac arrhythmias

14/ Atherosclerosis   

15/ Dyslipidaemia

16/ Deep venous thromboembolism

17/ Peripheral artery disease

18/ Constipation

19/ Diarrhoea

20/ Benign prostatic hyperplasia

21/ Sleep disorders

22/ Depression

23/ Pain - generally principles of pain management                       

24/ Neuropathic pain, back pain

25//Headache

26/ Hyperthyroidisms           

27/ Principles of rational use of anti-infective drugs

28/ Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

29/ Mycotic and fungal diseases– overview and differences against bacterial disease from the point of view of symptoms, complications, and treatment strategies and analysis of one of viral disease according to the structure of the nosological unit

30/ Epilepsy

31/ Parkinson disease and dementia

32/ Anaemia

33/ Emesis and motion sickness

34/ Stroke

 

Question processing should include:

Short characteristic of the disese

Etiopathogenesis

Risk factors for development of disease (including causes related to drug use), Complications of untreated disease + prognosis

Clinical manifestation of disease (symptoms)

Basic diagnosis and clinical evaluations - 5 questions´ method

Management (aim, strategy of the treatment of acute and chronic form, prevention) – what is the first/second drug choice, how quick to treat (speed of drug administration), how long to treat + basic nonpharmacological treatments

 

We require good knowledge of basic pharmacotherapeutic drug groups used in the treatment of selected nosology units; overview of priorities, first choice drugs, basic drug class effects

 

II/ Second question: Basic indications and contraindications of selected drugs

 

1/ Beta blockers

2/ Calcium channel blockers

3/ ACE-I

4/ Sartanes

5/ Nitrates, salt of magnesium and calcium

6/ Inhibitors of renin, central sympatholytics

7/ Drugs for benign prostate hyperplasia

8/ Thyroidal hormones

9/ Diuretics

10/ Alfa-sympatholytic agents

11/ Beta-sympathomimetics

12/ Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

13/ Proton pump inhibitors and antacids

14/ Prokinetics, alginates, antacids

15/ Laxative agents

16/ Antihistamines

17/ Anticoagulant agents

18/ Corticosteroids

19/ Paracetamol and weak opioids

20/ Hormonal contraception, hormonal replacing therapy

21/ Penicillines, macrolides

22/ Fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides

23/ Antidepressive agents

24/ Antimycotics

25/ Antivirotic agents

26/ Antidiabetics

27/ Antiplatelet agents

28/ Agents with anticholinergic activity

29/ Amiodarone,propafenon, digoxin

30/ Hypnotics

31/ Thyreostatics

32/ Hypolipidemics

33/ Medication for the treatment of diarrhoea

34/ Agents with dopaminergic activity

 

To state basic indication and contraindication of a particular group of drugs – please have in mind that some drug classes is necessary to divide into subgroups due to different indications and contraindication (example: calcium channel blockers- division into cardiodepressive CaB (1st generation) and dihydropyridine derivates (2nd generation)

It´s possible to estimate indications and contraindications of a particular medicine on the base of knowledge of the mechanism of effect of this drug and characteristic of the nosologic unit (eg: for asthma bronchiale is characteristic bronchoconstriction, so drug causing bronchoconstriction are contraindicated) . It means that knowledge of the mechanism of effect of medicines and etiopathogenesis of many diseases is necessary for successful passing of the examination!

 

 

 

Preparation of one patient case

– IT IS NECESSARY TO SEND IT ONE WEAK BEFORE EXAMINATION FOR APPROVING

 

Structure of a patient case (usually a close person):

Characteristics of the patient – age, gender, family history, symptoms and diagnosis

Personal history (diagnosis and symptoms)

The goal of the treatment of disease

Some investigation if they were available lab data (blood pressure, glycaemia) – here train 5 questions of diagnostics!

List of used medicines

(trade names, INNs of active substances, dosage schemes, indication /reason of the use)

Opinion of the patient: how he/she evaluates the therapy, how he/she administers particular drug

 

Discussion:

Does any medicine reach an aim?

Does the medicine cause harm (state mainly contraindication; it´s voluntary to analyze some adverse drug reactions (ADR), drug-drug interactions) and is it possible to measure any theoretical future harm?

Is particular medicine missed in the drug scheme? Why?

Would you recommend to stop some medicines? Why?

How to improve drug non – adherence?

 

You can answer questions: yes; no; I don´t know–but always explain why you think so

 

 

Credit test:

Cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, DM, thyreopathy, peptic ulcer, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, asthma bronchial, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pain, rational use of antibiotics:

 

Goal

Diagnostic methods

Strategy of treatment of acute and chronic forms of disease

 
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