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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Moral Psychology - APS300445
Title: Psychologie morálky
Guaranteed by: Department of Psychology (21-KPS)
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Actual: from 2023 to 2023
Semester: winter
Points: 3
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:1/1, C [HT]
Capacity: 20 / unknown (20)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: Slovak, Czech
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: course can be enrolled in outside the study plan
enabled for web enrollment
priority enrollment if the course is part of the study plan
Guarantor: doc. Mgr. Miroslav Popper, CSc.
Teacher(s): doc. Mgr. Miroslav Popper, CSc.
Annotation -
Last update: PhDr. Eva Dragomirecká, Ph.D. (06.11.2023)
The area of moral norms, which for many centuries was almost exclusively the domain of philosophy, theology and religious cosmologies, is now increasingly subject to empirical investigation within the cognitive and social sciences and evolutionary psychology. In the cognitive sciences and evolutionary psychology, research on norms has focused primarily on examining the functions of the mind and brain in making choices, analyzing cooperative and deceptive behavior, and explaining the nature and essence of norms. It seeks to find and explain the more universal (underlying) mechanisms and regularities involved in social and moral reasoning and behavior. The social sciences focus more on the influence of the family, group, and society in the acquisition of norms and on the broader political and power patterns and contexts within which norms are established, negotiated, and applied. The search for answers concerning the consideration of the possibilities of action and its assessment on the basis of social and moral norms is gaining high relevance as a result of accelerating globalisation processes and increasing levels of mobility. As a consequence, people are confronted with different work, structural, institutional and religious influences. At the same time, established social norms and ethical systems are weakening in the professional sphere (modesty, diligence, honesty, responsibility, respect) and within the family (fewer marriages, fewer children born, a higher proportion of single mothers, divorce, less intergenerational cohesion).
The mantles of the possible, the necessary and the forbidden are more strongly defined by legal norms - what is not forbidden is allowed. Various legal shifts are being exploited for the benefit of many political, power, judicial and financial elites. This leads to low trust of citizens towards various institutions and towards each other. In order for the positives of globalisation trends to outweigh their negatives, cooperation must be deepened, which is hardly conceivable without an increase in social trust and interpersonal moral behaviour. These topics form the content of the course Psychology of Morals

Goal of the course: to enable students to understand the foundations of moral psychology in the context of current multidisciplinary efforts to understand it within the cognitive and social sciences, evolutionary psychology and neuroscience. To lead students to reflect on their own worldview, to improve their ability to debate and argue with conflicting ethical views, and to understand differing points of view and values.

Knowledge gained: Students will understand how social and moral norms affect us, how types of norms differ from one another, and what determines our identification with them. They will be able to explain how morality has developed over time, how we form moral judgments, and discover the importance of mutual trust between people. They will be able to judge more adequately the extent to which we are responsible for our actions. They will also learn to argue better, to oppose the other side, and to revise their own original positions if necessary.

Acquired skills: graduates can apply the acquired knowledge in practice, for example, in resolving ethical and moral disputes in social, family and professional life. They will be able to justify their own value-based view of the world in a more meaningful way and to compare it with other views to which they will become more sensitive. They will be able to engage adequately with a variety of hot social issues based on an understanding of the ethical foundations of liberal and conservative thinking.
Aim of the course - Czech
Last update: Radka Hradcová (29.09.2022)
Cíl předmětu:
Umožnit studentům pochopit základy psychologie morálky v kontextu aktuálních multidisciplinárních snah o její uchopení v rámci kognitivních a sociálních věd, evoluční psychologie a neurověd. Vést studenty k reflexi vlastního světonázoru, zlepšovat jejich schopnost diskutovat a polemizovat s protichůdnými etickými názory a porozumět odlišným názorovým a hodnotovým stanoviskům.

Získané znalosti:
Studenti si uvědomí, jak na nás působí sociální a morální normy, čímž se od sebe druhy norem liší a na čem závisí naše identifikace s nimi. Dokáží vysvětlit, jak morálka postupně vznikala, jak si vytváříme morální úsudky, a zjistí, jak je důležitá vzájemná důvěra mezi lidmi. Budou umět adekvátněji posoudit, do jaké míry jsme zodpovědní za své jednání. Zároveň se naučí lépe argumentovat, oponovat druhé straně a případně revidovat vlastní původní stanoviska.

Získané dovednosti:
Získané znalosti mohou absolventi v praxi uplatnit například při řešení etických a morálních sporů ve společenském, rodinném i profesním životě. Budou umět smysluplněji odůvodnit vlastní hodnotové vidění světa a porovnat jej s jinými názory, vůči nimž se stanou senzitivnější. Na základě porozumění toho, z jakých etických základů vycházejí liberálně a konzervativně smýšlející lidé se budou umět adekvátně zaangažovat do řešení různých horkých sociálních témat.

Course completion requirements - Czech
Last update: Mgr. Iveta Pastyříková (24.10.2023)

prostudování povinné literatury, průběžná (písemná) příprava a interakce na seminářích. Závěrečná zkouška 60%, příprava a aktivity na seminářích 40%.

Literature - Czech
Last update: Mgr. Iveta Pastyříková (24.10.2023)
Povinné:
Popper, M. (2017). Psychológia morálky: Sociálne normy a morálne mysle. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského.

Doporučené:

Haidt, J.(2013). Morálka lidské mysli. Proč lidstvo rozděluje politika a náboženství. Praha: Dybbuk

Doris, J. M. (2010). The Moral Psychology Handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: Radka Hradcová (29.09.2022)

prostudování povinné literatury, průběžná (písemná) příprava a interakce na seminářích. Závěrečná zkouška 60%, příprava a aktivity na seminářích 40%.

Syllabus -
Last update: Radka Hradcová (29.09.2022)

Lectures

1. Introduction to the moral psychology

2. Taxonomy of norms

3. The origins of morality 1

4. The origins of morality 2

5. Emergence of norms (social contract)

6. Evolution of the social structure

7. Social dilemmas

8. Moral dilemmas

9. Cognitive dimension of making moral judgments

10. Emotional dimension of making moral judgments

11. Mutual trust

12. Free will and moral responsibility 1

13. Free will and moral responsibility 2

Seminars

The seminars will take place in the form of solving current dilemmas from real life. One dilemma will be solved at each seminar. 2 groups of students will prepare reports for it in such a way that one group will defend one solution to the dilemma and the other will defend the opposite position. It is not a condition that the referees personally identify with the presented arguments.

The seminar topics are as follows:

1. People have a moral right to make decisions about their own life and death and to end their life in cases of extreme suffering vs. euthanasia is morally unacceptable.

2. Women have a moral right to abortion during the first trimester vs. abortion is immoral because the fetus has the right to life.

3. Persons of the same sex have a moral right to marry vs. it is immoral for persons of the same sex to marry.

4. Improving a person's cognitive abilities using "smart drugs" is morally acceptable vs. morally unacceptable.

5. Is it morally right to build walls against refugees vs. not letting refugees into a safe country and not providing them with assistance is morally unacceptable.

6. Is it morally right for those who earn more to pay progressive taxes vs. it is immoral if those who are more diligent and skillful at work are progressively taxed.

7. Polyamory is morally acceptable vs. morally unacceptable.

8. An infertile couple has the moral right to undergo surrogacy vs. trying to have your own child through surrogacy is immoral.

9. Extending life with the help of modern technologies to the limit of 120 years is morally correct vs. morally wrong.

10. Following the principle of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" is morally correct vs. morally wrong.

11. We have free will and are responsible for our actions vs. we do not have free will and are not morally responsible for our behavior.

 
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