Science - MSZSCI01

• Title: Science
• Czech title: Nutno doplnit
• Guaranteed by: Student Affairs Division (31-640)
• Faculty: Faculty of Science
• Actual: from 2023
• Semester: summer
• E-Credits: 0
• Examination process: summer s.:
• Hours per week, examination: summer s.:0/0, STEX [HT]
• Capacity: unlimited
• Min. number of students: unlimited
• 4EU+: no
• Virtual mobility / capacity: no
• State of the course: taught
• Language: English
• Pre-requisite : MDIPL002

Syllabus

Topics for bc. Science State exams

Two topics will be randomly chosen from three blocks for each field (Biology, Chemistry, Physics)

Biology

From molecules to cells

1. Definition and origin of life
2. Sustainability of life (strategies of energetic metabolism)
3. Information molecules (RNA and DNA)
4. From nucleic acid to protein (central dogma of molecular biology)
5. Protein biology
6. Concept of conformational change (regulation of enzyme activity, molecular machines)
7. Cytoskeleton and cell mobility
8. Vesicular trafficking
9. Cell signalling
10. Cell cycle and its regulation

From cells to organisms

1. The origin and evolution of multicellularity, concept of multicellularity, intercellular junctions, extracellular matrix, diversity of cell types in multicellular organisms 
2. Histological techniques, animal transgenic models
3. Blood, leukocytes, lymphoid organs
4. Epithelia
5. Muscle tissues
6. Connective tissues
7. Physiology and functional morphology of sensory organs
8. Principles of developmental biology - the origin of multicellular life forms complexity
9. Principles of neurobiology
10. Principles of immunology - on sensing and interpreting of non self in context of danger

 Evolution and ecology

1. Adaptation, constraints, levels of selection, relationship between evolutionary biology, ecology and other disciplines, role of phenotypic plasticity in evolution (eco-devo)
2. Genome evolution
3. Phylogenetic methods
4. Evolution of sex and asexuality
5. Sexual selection
6. Gene evolution and adaptation
7. Principles of speciation
8. Tracing Earth's Biological Evolution: A Historical Perspective
9. Heredity: from genes to continuous traits and back.
10. Evolution of biodiversity across phylogeny, communities, and worldwide

Chemistry

Chemical Principles

1. Atoms (nuclei and electron shells)
2. Molecules and chemical bonds
3. Reaction kinetics
4. States of matter: gases, liquids, solids 
5. Chemical thermodynamics (1st law)
6. Chemical thermodynamics (2nd law)
7. Phase equilibria
8. Chemical equilibria
9. Electrochemistry
10. Spectroscopy

 Chemical transformations

1. Redox reactions
2. Fundamentals of reaction mechanisms
3. Chirality and stereochemistry
4. Substitution and elimination reactions
5. Electrophilic and aromatic reactions
6. Chemistry of carbonyl compounds
7. Catalysis
8. Biomedical chemistry
9. Supramolecular chemistry
10. Chemical biology
11. Materials and biomaterials

 Theoretical and experimental methods in chemistry

1. Quantum chemistry
2. Potential energy surface
3. Wavefunction methods
4. Electron density methods
5. Molecular simulations
6. Machine learning methods
7. Spectroscopic methods
8. Scattering methods
9. Separation methods
10. Microscopic methods

Physics

Classical mechanics

1. Units and measurements (physical quantities and units, measurement and errors, scalars and vectors, systems of coordinates).
2. Kinematics (equations of motion in 1D and D>1, curvilinear and circular motion).
3. Dynamics (Newton's laws of motion, forces, momentum, impulse, work, energy, power, friction).
4. Oscillations (oscillatory motion, harmonic oscillator, pendulums).
5. Gravity (Newton’s gravitational law, motion in Earth's gravity, Kepler's laws).
6. Rigid body (center of gravity, translational and rotational motion, linear and angular momentum, moment of inertia and parallel axis theorem).
7. Static equilibrium of a rigid body.
8. Deformable body (strain, stress, linear elasticity, and Hooke's law, plastic deformation, yield).
9. Fluid mechanics (hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, equation of continuity, Pascal's law, Bernoulli's equation, Stokes' law).
10. Waves and acoustics (progressive waves, wave equation, wave propagation, interference, reflection, standing waves, normal modes, Huygens' principle, Doppler effect).
    

Electromagnetism and optics I

1. Electrostatics in vacuum (point charge, density, energy and potential; Coulomb’s law, Gauss law; multipole expansion).
2. Electric current (continuity equation, Kirhoff’s rules, Joule’s law). Electromotive force.
3. Magnetic field in vacuum (Biot-Savart law, magnetic induction, Ampere’s law).
4. Electrostatic and magnetic fields in materials. Basics of materials’s properties.
5. Electrical transport in materials (metals, semiconductors, diode, Hall effect).
6. Maxwell equations (scalar and vector potentials, Laplace and Poisson equations, gauge invariance).
7. Time-dependent fields (electromagnetic induction, Poynting vector, electromagnetic energy and momentum)
8. Waves in vacuum (wave equation).
9. Geometrical optics, ray tracing, simple optical elements.
10. Polarization of light (principle, basic experiments, anisotropic optical materials).

 Quantum mechanics, optics II and relativity

1. Resonant light-matter interaction (Lambert-Beer and Planck’s law. Photoelectric effect lasers).
2. Basics of special relativity.
3. Wave optics I (Huygens principle, interference of light waves).
4. Wave optics II (Diffraction of light, resolution).
5. Newton and Lagrange mechanics.
6. Action, variation principle, Noether’s theorem.
7. Hamilton equations
8. Defining experiments of quantum mechanics, spin, entanglement
9. de Broglie and Schrödinger equation
10. Simple solvable 1D systems; harmonic oscillator

Last update: Řehořová Kamila (30.04.2025)