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In the course, students will learn about the relationships between primary and secondary metabolism in plants, focusing on the study of secondary metabolites and special isolation and analytical procedures required when working with plant material. In practical exercises, they will learn about the process of processing the starting material from extraction to the identification of its components and the determination of the content of selected secondary metabolites using modern analytical methods. The teaching is directed towards an inventive approach to the isolation of components and methods of phytochemical analysis. The course is intended primarily for those interested in diploma theses on phytochemical topics.
Last update: Jenčo Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (05.03.2025)
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The condition for the successful passing of the subject is 100% participation in practical exercises and passing the exam with a minimum success rate of >60%. Last update: Jenčo Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (05.03.2025)
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Recommended:
Last update: Jenčo Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (05.03.2025)
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practical laboratory exercises, lectures. Last update: Jenčo Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (05.03.2025)
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The condition for obtaining credit is 100% participation in practical exercises and at least 60% participation in lectures. The exam written at the end of the practical classes and lectures consists of 15 questions. Knowledge from lectures and practical exercises is required to pass the exam. Last update: Jenčo Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (05.03.2025)
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Lectures: 1. Introduction to phytochemical research; definition of terms 2. Overview of secondary plant metabolites 3. Extraction and isolation of natural substances 4. Separation methods in the analysis of natural substances I – classification 5. Separation methods in the analysis of natural substances II – classification 6. Separation methods in the analysis of natural substances III – applications 7. Identification of natural substances – overview of methods, basics of interpretation of spectra (IR, NMR, MS, CD). Practical exercises: 1. Introduction, work safety, glass preparation (Pasteur pipettes, chromatography pen, capillaries), theoretical foundations of obtaining plant constituents, Pouring plates onto preparative TLC, Finding a suitable system for TLC and FLASH chromatography, Preparation of a summary extract 2. Preparative TLC, Isolation of natural substances - Preparation of alkaloid extract and preparation of a sample for GC-MS and GC-FID analysis 3. HPTLC + FLASH chromatography 4. GC/MS + GC-FID analysis of prepared alkaloid extracts 5. Preparative HPLC + HPLC/MS 6. NMR, polarimetry, circular dichroism Last update: Jenčo Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (05.03.2025)
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The subject Phytochemical Methods builds on the knowledge and skills acquired in the subjects of pharmaceutical botany, organic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry and fundamentals of organic analysis. The aim of these learning outcomes is to equip students with the theoretical knowledge, technical proficiency and critical thinking required for phytochemical research with interdisciplinary application in phytochemistry. After completing the subject, students are able to use the basic properties of secondary metabolites in phytochemical studies. They are able to describe and use various modern extraction methods for their isolation. They are able to apply the latest techniques for the analysis of phytoconstituents and describe methods of extraction, analysis and commercial applications of various secondary metabolites. At the end of this subject, students will be able to: · define the importance of phytochemistry as a field; · Explain the basic principles: Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical foundations of phytochemical methods, including the role of secondary metabolites in plants, the choice of solvents and the principles of extraction, isolation and characterization of substances; · Apply extraction techniques: Perform and compare traditional and modern extraction methods (e.g. maceration, Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave extraction) while adhering to safety protocols for working with plant material and hazardous solvents; · Use separation methods: Master chromatographic techniques (TLC, HPTLC, flash chromatography, HPLC, GC) to separate and purify substances and interpret chromatograms to assess the composition of plant extracts; · Characterize isolated substances: Use spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (polarimetry, CD, NMR, MS) to identify and determine the structure of isolated substances with the integration of data from multiple techniques for accurate analysis; · Critically assess methods: Solve experimental challenges, critically compare the efficiency, sustainability and ethical aspects of different phytochemical procedures; · Perform quantitative analysis: Apply quantitative methods (e.g. HPLC/MS and GC-FID) to determine the concentration of bioactive compounds (e.g. alkaloids) in plant extracts; · Engage in current research: Analyze the latest advances in phytochemical research and discuss their impact on drug discovery and quality control of herbal products; · Communicate scientific results: Present experimental procedures, data, and conclusions in the form of structured laboratory reports and oral presentations with an emphasis on clarity, accuracy, and scientific standards. Last update: Jenčo Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (05.03.2025)
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Acquired basic knowledge of pharmaceutical botany, organic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry and fundamentals of organic analysis. Last update: Jenčo Jaroslav, RNDr., Ph.D. (05.03.2025)
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