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Course, academic year 2024/2025
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Hygiene, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine C. - C4VL001
Title: Hygiena, epidemiologie a preventivní lékařství C.
Guaranteed by: Department of Hygiene 3FM CU (12-HYG)
Faculty: Third Faculty of Medicine
Actual: from 2024
Semester: both
Points: 3
E-Credits: 3
Examination process:
Hours per week, examination: 14/56, C [HS]
Capacity: winter:unknown / unknown (unknown)
summer:unknown / unknown (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: you can enroll for the course in winter and in summer semester
Guarantor: doc. MUDr. Pavel Dlouhý, Ph.D.
Examination dates   Schedule   
Annotation -
This subject is taught in the fourth year of the Master’s programme of General Medicine in connection with the subject Hygiene, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine III and topics from diabetology, metabolism and pediatrics. Students will be introduced into nutrition, sport medicine, child and youth health and occupational medicine.
Last update: Hrnčířová Daniela, Mgr., Ph.D. (04.12.2019)
Aim of the course -

Students will be introduced into the crucial topics in the field of nutrition (nutrition intake requirements, nutrition of different population groups, nutrition in prevention of mass illnesses, nutrition toxicology, and prevention of alimentary infections), protection and support of child and adolescent health and basics of sport and occupational medicine. In practical training students will be taught how to assess and evaluate nutritional status, prescribe appropriate physical activity in primary and secondary prevention of illnesses, perform stress tests and evaluate health risks connected with preschool and school facilities and with school stress.

Last update: Hrnčířová Daniela, Mgr., Ph.D. (03.12.2019)
Course completion requirements -

The subject is finished with a credit. The condition for obtaining the credit is successful passing of the credit test and participation in the lessons in the required extent.

Attendance at a minimum of 70% of seminars and/or practical exercises (i.e. 20 out of 28) documented via the electronic classroom system is compulsory.

In case of higher absence, the Head of the Department, Assoc. Pavel Dlouhý (building A, 6th floor, dv. no. 620) decides about possible substitution (for specific/exceptional reasons only).

The course is followed by the state final examination in Preventive Medicine.

Last update: Hrnčířová Daniela, Mgr., Ph.D. (24.09.2024)
Literature -

Basic literature:

KASPER, Heinrich and Walter BURGHARDT. Ernährungsmedizin und Diätetik: Unter Mitarbeit von Walter Burghardt. Elsevier 2014.

Lee Robert D. and Niegman David C. Nutritional assessment. Sixth edition. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education, 2013.

Velíšek Jan. The Chemistry of Food. John Wiley & Sons 2013.

US Dep. of Health and Human Services and U.S. Dep. of Agriculture: Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Washington, 2010

Gibbon R.S.: Principles of Nutritional Assessment. Oxford University Press, 2005

WHO: Preventing Child Maltreatment. WHO 2006

 

Last update: Hrnčířová Daniela, Mgr., Ph.D. (04.12.2019)
Teaching methods -

Lectures, seminars, practical training.

Last update: Hrnčířová Daniela, Mgr., Ph.D. (29.09.2012)
Requirements to the exam -

The subject is finished with a credit. The condition for obtaining the credit is successful passing of the credit test and participation in the lessons in the required extent.

Attendance at a minimum of 70% of seminars and/or practical exercises (i.e. 20 out of 28) documented via the electronic classroom system is compulsory.

In case of higher absence, the Head of the Department, Assoc. Pavel Dlouhý (building A, 6th floor, dv. no. 620) decides about possible substitution (for specific/exceptional reasons only).

The course is followed by the state final examination in Preventive Medicine.

Last update: Hrnčířová Daniela, Mgr., Ph.D. (24.09.2024)
Syllabus -

HEPM C / NUTRITION

Basic nutrient requirements. Principles of healthy nutrition: characteristics of nutrients, needs, sources, risks of excess and deficiency. Principles of healthy nutrition, nutritional recommendations. Drinking regime.

Prevention of food born infections and intoxications: Food born (alimentary) infections and intoxications of microbial origin: possibilities of prevention with regard to epidemiological characteristics, at the individual and public health level. Prevention of alimentary infections and intoxications of microbial origin during travel. Issues of saprophytic organisms.

Nutritional toxicology: Issues related to toxic (contaminating) substances in food and substances arising from the production, storage or cooking of food and their associated health risks, possibilities of prevention, their biotransformation and interaction in the body. Acute food poisoning.

Nutrition of selected population groups: nutrition of infants and young children. Nutrition of pregnant and lactating women. Nutrition of the elderly.

Prevention of nutrition-related diseases: Prevention of overweight and obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis.

The human microbiome and its relationship to health. Probiotics and prebiotics.

Alternative nutrition: Characteristics of the main alternative trends, possible health benefits and risks.

Investigation and evaluation of nutritional status, assessment of consumption: Anthropometric, biochemical, haematological and other methods of nutritional status assessment, interpretation of results. Methods of monitoring nutrient consumption.

 

HEPM C / SPORT MEDICINE

Practice of exercise prescription in primary and secondary prevention: Prescription in primary prevention: Principles of approaches to selection of physical activity, basic parameters in prescription - intensity, duration, frequency. Motivation, adherence. Modern concept of physical activity for health. Prescription of physical activity in secondary prevention of selected diseases, unusualness in prescription, contraindication to perform particular sport activities.

Adaptation of organism to training: Morbidity and mortality and the influence of regular physical activity. Effects on cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, anthropometric parameters.

Physiology of response to acute bout of exercise: Energetic sources for physical work. Aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure. Oxygen consumption during a physical work. Maximal oxygen requirements and anaerobic threshold. Cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic respond on physical work.

Stress tests: Indication, contraindication. Types of loads. Laboratory tests, terrain tests. Dynamic stress tests: sources of load, load units. Laboratory equipment, safety measures. Evaluation of stress test. Practical performance of stress test.

Doping: Problems of doping in sport. Organization of antidoping control. List of doping substances. Supportive substances in sport.

Nutrition in sports and physical strain: Nutritional metabolisms during physical exercise. Recommended food composition. Nutrition before, during and after physical exercise.

 

HEPL C / OCCUPATION MEDICINE

Health Protection at Work

• Primary Prevention: Basic principles and strategies, legislation, implementation of preventive measures.

• Secondary Prevention: Monitoring employee health status, regular medical check-ups, early diagnosis.

• Tertiary Prevention: Rehabilitation, return to work after illness or injury, support for long-term illnesses at work

Assessment of Individual Risk Factors at Work

• Categorization: Definition and importance, legislative framework.

• Risk Factors: Physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial factors, methods of assessment and measurement.

Occupational Health Services – Case Studies from Practice

• Assessment of Fitness for Work: Criteria and procedures, practical examples.

• Routine Supervision in the Workplace: Role of the occupational physician, cooperation with management and employees, preventive measures.

Energy Expenditure at Work

• Assessment of Energy Expenditure at Work: Measurement methods, interpretation of results.

• Assessment of Fitness for Work: Impact of energy expenditure on health, recommendations for different types of work.

Measurement and Assessment of Overall and Local Muscular Load and Working Postures

• Measurement Methods: Ergonomic analyses, tools, and techniques.

• Assessment of Fitness for Work: Health impacts, preventive measures.

Occupational Diseases

• Definition and Classification: Most common occupational diseases, legislative framework.

• Diagnosis and Treatment: Procedures, role of the occupational physician, rehabilitation, and return to work.

 

HEPL C / CHILD AND YOUTH HEALTH

Breastfeeding: Evidence-based benefits of breastfeeding, guidelines on optimal infant and young child feeding practices, contraindications of breastfeeding, strategies of breastfeeding support and protection in health care facilities (WHO/UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital).

Assessment of growth and development in children and adolescents: Factors affecting growth, anthropological research in CR, secular trend, methods of growth assessment, percentile charts, growth assessment in infants, assessment of underweight, overweight and obesity.

Obesity in children and adolescents: Prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents in CR, recent data, long-term trends, etiopathogenesis, diagnostics of overweight and obesity, health risk assessment, methods of assessment of reduction process, impact of obesity on growth and puberty, prevention strategies.

Prevention of obesity and eating disorders in children and adolescents: Prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight in school children, strategies of promotion of healthy nutrition and prevention of obesity and eating disorders in the school (health education, school catering, conditions for physical activities), strategies of prevention in the primary health care – education on healthy eating, early identification of underweight, overweight and obesity and brief intervention, referral to the specialized care (nutrition therapist, obesitologist, psychiatrist, clinical psychologist)

Developmental characteristics in preschool and school age: Physical, functional, psychomotor, cognitive, psychosocial development, characteristics of a preschool, school period and puberty and adolescence, assessment of school readiness.

Health risks related to the school environment: Health risks related to the preschool facilities. Sources of distress in the school, reactions of the child organism – stress related disorders, emotional and behavioural disorders, prevention of ill posture, injuries and violence. Hygienic requirements on preschool and school facilities. Health promotion in preschool and school facilities – health education, conditions for healthy functioning.

Prevention of addictions in children: Abuse of psychoactive substances (tobacco, nicotin, alcohol, new drugs) and digital technologies in children and youth, preventive strategies in the school and the primary health care.

Mental health support in children and youth: Current research on mental health of children, youth and university students in CR, preventive projects in the schools, preventive strategies in the primary health care – education, early identification of mental health problems (depression, suicidal thoughts, self-harm) and risk behaviour and brief intervention, referral to the specialized care (pedagogical and psychological counselling, clinical psychologist, psychiatrist, adictologist), strategies of building resilience against stress and burn-out in medical students.

Prevention of the child abuse and neglect syndrome: Definition of the child abuse and neglect syndrome, risk factors, early identification and brief intervention in the primary health care, referral to the specialized care (psychological counselling, clinical psychologist, psychiatrist, social services), reporting to the authorities.

Last update: Hrnčířová Daniela, Mgr., Ph.D. (27.09.2024)
Entry requirements -

Knowledge of subjects: Hygiene, epidemiology and preventive medicine II and III.

Last update: Hrnčířová Daniela, Mgr., Ph.D. (01.10.2012)
 
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