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The aim of the course will be the analysis of selected works of Galileo Galilei, René Descartes and Isaac Newton
from the point of view of the gradual construction of the mathematical apparatus of physics. We will show what
innovations in mathematics were needed for the creation of the mathematical description of motion.
Last update: Žemlička Jan, doc. Mgr. et Mgr., Ph.D. (27.06.2022)
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Předmět je zakončen napsáním eseje. Last update: Žemlička Jan, doc. Mgr. et Mgr., Ph.D. (27.06.2022)
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Clavelin, M. (1968): The Natural Philosophy of Galileo. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1974. Cohen, I. B. (1980): The Newtonian Revolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Descartes: Princípy filozofie. Pravda, Bratislava 1987 Drake, S. (1978): Galileo at Work: His Scientific Biography, New York. Ducheyne, Steffen (2012): The Main Business of Natural Philosophy, Isaac Newton’s Natural-Philosophical Methodology. Springer, Dordrecht. Galilei: Dialóg o dvoch systémoch sveta, Vydavateěastvo SAV, Bratislava 1962 Garber, Daniel (1992): Descartes’ metaphysical physics, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Koyré: Od uzavřeného světa k nekonečnému vesmíru. Vyšehrad Praha 2004. Kvasz: Zrod vedy ako lingvistická udalosť, Filosofia, Praha 2013 Mach, E. (1883): Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1897.Anglický překlad: The Science of Mechanics, A Critical and Historical Exposition of Its Principles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013. Newton, I. (1972): Philosophiae naturalis Principia mathematica, ed. A. Koyré and I. B. Cohen, Cambridge. Patočka, J. (1964): Aristoteles, jeho předchůdci a dědicové. Nakladatelství ČSAV, Praha. Shea, W. R. (1991): The Magic of Numbers and Motion, The Scientific Career of René Descartes Science History Publications. Westfall, R. S. (1993): The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Last update: Žemlička Jan, doc. Mgr. et Mgr., Ph.D. (27.06.2022)
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Předmět je zakončen napsáním eseje na vybrané téma z historie matematiky. Last update: Žemlička Jan, doc. Mgr. et Mgr., Ph.D. (27.06.2022)
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1. Traditional description of motion in Aristotelian physics and the problem of its mathematization 2. Aristotle's conception of motion as geometrical transition 3. The Copernican system and its implicit conflict with Aristotelian physics 4. Galileo, his life and his astronomical discoveries 5. Galileo's conception of motion as geometrical flow 6. The shortcomings of Galileo's description of motion 7. Descartes - mathematician, philosopher and physicist 8. Descartes' conception of motion as a dynamic transition 9. Newtonian physics as a critical coming to terms with Descartes 10. Newton's conception of motion as dynamic flow Last update: Žemlička Jan, doc. Mgr. et Mgr., Ph.D. (27.06.2022)
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