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Course, academic year 2024/2025
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Physics I - Basic Course - NFOE002
Title: Fyzika I - základní kurz
Guaranteed by: Laboratory of General Physics Education (32-KVOF)
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Actual: from 2022
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 6
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/2, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Guarantor: doc. RNDr. Miroslav Cieslar, CSc.
doc. RNDr. František Chmelík, CSc.
Classification: Physics > External Subjects
Annotation -
Basic principles of classical mechanics and their applications in particular systems: mechanics of point mass and the set of point masses, solid body mechanics. Newton's gravitation law, the movement in the Earth's field of gravity, continuum mechanics. Mechanics of liquids, vibrations and wave motion. The course is scheduled for students of the Faculty of Sciences of Charles University.
Last update: T_KVOF (10.05.2001)
Aim of the course -

Basic principles of classical mechanics and their applications in particular systems: mechanics of point mass and the set of point masses, solid body mechanics. Newton's gravitation law, the movement in the Earth's field of gravity, continuum mechanics. Mechanics of liquids, vibrations and wave motion.

The course is scheduled for students of the Faculty of Sciences of Charles University.

Last update: T_KVOF (28.03.2008)
Course completion requirements -

Credit and examination.

Last update: Chmelík František, doc. RNDr., CSc. (22.02.2022)
Literature -
  • Z. Horák, F. Krupka: Fyzika I. SNTL, Praha 1981 (in Czech).
  • A. Havránek, Mechanika I, II, skriptum UK MFF, Karolinum, Praha 1995 (in Czech).
  • J. Hofmann, M. Urbanová: Fyzika I, VŠCHT, Praha 1998 (in Czech).
  • A. Hlavička a kol.: Fyzika I pro pedagogické fakulty, SPN, Praha, 1971 (in Czech).
  • E. R. Jones, R. L. Childers: Contemporary College Physics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1990.
  • M. Alonso, E. J. Finn: Fundamental University Physics, Volume I: Mechanics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company 1967.
Last update: Chmelík František, doc. RNDr., CSc. (22.02.2022)
Teaching methods -

Reading and exercises.

Last update: Chmelík František, doc. RNDr., CSc. (22.02.2022)
Requirements to the exam -

Questions of the oral examination are the same as the points of syllabus.

Last update: Chmelík František, doc. RNDr., CSc. (22.02.2022)
Syllabus -

Introduction (2 hours)

Basics terms of physics. Motion, space and time in classical mechanics. Limits of validity of

classical mechanics.

1. Mechanics of mass point (10 hours)

Kinematics of mass point: mass point, movement and trajectory of mass point, straight uniform and non-uniform motion, curvilinear motion, circular motion.

Dynamics of mass point: Newton's laws, addition and resolution of forces, inertial forces, forces acting by curvilinear motion, momentum, force impulse, work and energy, power.

2. Gravitational law (4 hours)

Newton's gravitational law, Gravity, motion in Earth gravity and gravitational field.

3. Vibrations (8 hours)

Un-damped vibrations, harmonic oscillator, energy of harmonic oscillator, mathematical and physical pendulum, damped and induced vibrations, superposition of vibrations.

4. Mechanics of mass point systems and rigid body (10 hours)

Description of mass point systems and rigid body. Statics of rigid body: superposition of forces acting on rigid body, gravity centre, balance of rigid body.

Kinematics and dynamics of rigid body: translation and rotation motion, kinetic energy of rigid body, moment of inertia, moment of momentum, friction.

5. Continuum mechanics (10 hours)

Basic terms of continuum mechanics: deformation and stress, rate of deformation, balance and motion equations of continuum (outline). Deformation of solids: generalised Hooke's law, plastic deformation, ultimate strength. Fluid mechanics: hydrostatics, Archimedes and Pascal's laws, hydrodynamics, continuity equation, Bernoulli's equation, motion of viscous fluids, Poisseuille's and Stokes laws.

6. Wave mechanics (4 hours)

Propagational longitudinal and transversal waves, interference of waves, standing waves, reflection of waves, Huygens principle, Doppler's phenomenon, wave equation, wave speed.

7. Introduction to the Einstein's special theory of relativity (STR) (4 hours)

Postulates of STR, Lorentz transformation, kinematic consequences of Lorentz transformation: time dilatation, length contraction, transformation of velocity, relativistic momentum and energy.

Last update: Chmelík František, doc. RNDr., CSc. (22.02.2022)
Entry requirements - Czech

Znalosti diferenciálního a integrálního počtu a úvodu do lineární algebry na úrovni kurzu Matematika A1 - MS710P52

Good knowledge of differential and integral calculus and introduction to linear algebra (equivalent to the course Mathematics A1 - MS710P52)

Last update: Cieslar Miroslav, doc. RNDr., CSc. (06.12.2022)
 
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