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Introduction to the astrophysical spectroscopy: radiative transfer equation, opacity, emissivity, source function,
Planck function, level population, radiative and collisional rates, scattering, line broadening, spectral diagnostics,
molecular spectra, masers.
Interstellar Medium: phases of interstellar gas, HII regions, HI regions, dust, polarisation and galactic mag. field,
energy equilibrium of the individual phases, influence of ISM on the passes through light, chemical processes.
Star formation: collapse of cloud, Virial theorem, Jeans' criterion, fragmentation of a cloud, structure of
Last update: Vokrouhlický David, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (10.01.2019)
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The lecture course is closed by an exam, which has written and oral part.
A student has to elaborate several given topics in the written from, which will be announced at the beginning of the semester. The individual tasks has to be given to the lecturer during the semester, not at the exam.
The oral part consists form one question relating to the definition of used quantities, one to the spectroscopy, one to the interstellar matter, and one to the star formation. Last update: Korčáková Daniela, doc. Mgr., Ph.D. (07.06.2019)
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Gray, D.F, The Observation and Analysis of Stellar Photospheres, Cambridge University Press, 2005 Draine, B.T., Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium, Princeton University Press, 2011 Emerson, D., Interpreting Astronomical Spectra, John Wiley & Sons, 1996 Kwok, S. The Origin and Evolution of Planetary Nebulae, Cambridge University Press, 2000 Lamers, H.J.L.M & Levesque, E., Understanding Stellar Evolution, IOP Publishing, London, 2017 Mihalas, D., Stellar Atmospheres, W. H. Freedman and Company, 1978 Stahler, S.W. & Palla, F., The Formation of Stars, Wiley-VCH, 2004 Unsöld, A. Physik der Sternatmosphären, Springer-Verlach, 1955 Voigt, H.H., Abriss der Astronomie, Wiley-VCH, 2012 Yamamoto, S., Introduction to Astrochemistry, Springer Japan, 2017 Last update: Vokrouhlický David, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (10.01.2019)
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přednáška - v akademickém roce 2020/2021 bude probíhat přes aplikaci ZOOM. Zapsaným studentům budou poslány pdf prezentace. Last update: Korčáková Daniela, doc. Mgr., Ph.D. (24.09.2020)
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A student has to elaborate several given topics in the written from, which will be announced at the beginning of the semester. The individual tasks has to be given to the lecturer during the semester, not at the exam. Last update: Korčáková Daniela, doc. Mgr., Ph.D. (07.06.2019)
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Introduction to the astrophysical spectroscopy
Historical background. Characterising radiation fields: specific intensity, photon distribution function, mean intensity, energy density, radiation flux, luminosity, radiation pressure tensor, opacity, emissivity, optical depth. Radiative transfer equation: formulation, solution in vacuum, absorbing medium, general 1D solution, moments of the radiative transfer equation. Thermodynamic equilibrium, local thermodynamic equilibrium: Planck function, Boltzmann equation, Saha equation, detailed balance. Non-LTE: temperature, rate equations, radiative rates: bound-bound processes - Einstein coefficients, Einstein relations, classical oscillator, oscillator strength, bound-free processes - Einstein-Milne relations, collisional processes: bound-bound, bound-free, free-free processes. Scattering: Thomson, Rayleigh, Mie scattering. Line profiles: natural broadening, pressure broadening, thermal broadening, Voigt function, non-LTE effects on the line profiles, microturbulence, macroturbulence, rotational broadening, limb darkening, line profiles from accretion discs, P Cygni profiles. Diagnostics: nebular diagnostics, BPT diagrams, radio recombination lines of HII regions, lowering of ionization potential, P Cygni profiles, Balmer jump, spectral classification, curve of growth, rotational diagrams. Molecular spectroscopy: rotational spectrum, rotational-vibrational spectrum, electronic-rotational-vibrational spectrum, maser. Spectra of individual objects, Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Interstellar mediumPhases of interstellar gas. HII regions: ionization and recombination in ISM, heating and cooling, energy equilibrium, M42, supernova remnants, planetary nebulae. Molecules: formation and destruction of molecules, observation of hydrogen molecule and determination of its density using CO molecule, PAH, fullerenes. Chemical processes in astrophysics: main reactions in ISM, chemical processes in extended stellar envelopes, isotopic molecules, fractionation. Dust: the role of the dust, formation and destruction of the dust, properties of dust particles, dust in laboratories, heating and cooling of the interstellar dust. Optical properties of the dust - polarization, Stokes parameters, scattering matrix, Davis-Greenstein mechanism, reflection nebulae, globules, diffuse galactic light. Influence of ISM on the passes through light: interstellar extinction, Faraday rotation, diffuse interstellar bands, absorption in resonance lines. HI regions: H line at 21 cm, absorption lines, IR radiation of the dust, heating and cooling, energy equilibrium. Star formationVirial theorem, Jeans' criterion, structure of clouds - filaments and theirs role, free fall phase, fragmentation of a cloud, pseudo-hydrostatic contraction, Hayashi track, destruction of lithium and deuterium, T Tauri stars, Herbig Ae/Be stars, accretion process, effect of radiation, magnetic field, ambipolar diffusion, ohmic diffusion, metallicity on the formation of stars, brown dwarfs, initial mass function, formation of binaries. Last update: Vokrouhlický David, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (10.01.2019)
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