Clinical and analytical biochemistry - MC250P19B
Title: Klinická a analytická biochemie
Czech title: Klinická a analytická biochemie
Guaranteed by: Department of Biochemistry (31-250)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2024
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 4
Examination process: summer s.:combined
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:3/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Level: basic
Note: enabled for web enrollment
priority enrollment if the course is part of the study plan
Guarantor: prof. RNDr. Markéta Martínková, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): prof. RNDr. Markéta Martínková, Ph.D.
Incompatibility : MC250P19
Is incompatible with: MC250P19
Is pre-requisite for: MC250C44
Opinion survey results   Examination dates   SS schedule   
Annotation -
The lecture is appointed for students of "biochemistry" and "clinical and toxicological analysis" and "medicine chemistry". However, the course is opened also for students of other related fields. The aim of the lecture is to introduce the basic terminology and methodology in clinical biochemistry with orientation on diagnostics respectively monitoring of the efficiency of a medical therapy. The biochemical nature of the pathobiochemical conditions and the diseases will be emphasized during the lectures. Examples of clinical interpretation of biochemical parameters are presented in the programme of the lecture with intention to prepare future clinical biochemists for communication with doctors.
Lectures - in Czech -

Last update: Martínková Markéta, prof. RNDr., Ph.D. (13.02.2023)
Literature - Czech

ZÁKLADNÍ
František Novák - Úvod do klinické biochemie 2002, Universita Karlova v Praze, Nakladatelství Karolinum ISBN 80-246-0366-7

Peter Karlson , Wolfgang Gerok, W. Gross - Pathobiochemie. 1. vyd. Praha : Academia, 1987. 480 s. ISBN 3-13-554202-5

Jaroslav Racek - Klinická biochemie. Edited by Jaroslav Racek. 2., přepracované vydání Praha : Galén, 2006. 329 s. ISBN 80-7262-324-9

DOPORUČENÁ
Thomas M. Devlin - Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlations. Edited by Thomas M. Devlin. 6th ed., 2005, 1240 s. ISBN 978-0-471-67808-3

Gaw Allan et al. - Clinical biochemistry, an illustrated colour text, 4th edition, edited by Gaw Allan et al. Churchill livingstone Elsevier, 2008, 188 s. ISBN 978-0-443-06932-1
 

Martin A. Crook - Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine. CRC Press. 8th ed., 2012, 416 s. ISBN 978-1444144147

Last update: Martínková Markéta, prof. RNDr., Ph.D. (14.02.2020)
Requirements to the exam -

There will be a written examination concerning topics presented during the lectures (see the syllabus of the lectures). At the end of each lecture I will mention several model questions from each topic. It is necessary to obtain 60% of total points number for successful examination term. In case of borderline results, the oral examination will take place.

Last update: Čermáková Michaela, RNDr., Ph.D. (12.05.2014)
Syllabus -

1a. Introduction to clinical biochemistry, Physiological and pathological processes on cell (molecular) level
1b. Tumor markers in diagnostics and therapy

2. Blood - the most often analyzed laboratory material (plasma proteins)

3. Clinical biochemistry of body fluids balance (electrolytes, diabetes insipidus, hypertension) 

4. Clinical biochemistry of acidobasis balance and the exchange of gasses 

5. Laboratory tests of carbohydrates metabolism disorders (diabetes mellitus) 

6. Laboratory tests of lipid metabolism disorders (lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis) 


7. Laboratory tests aminoacids metabolism disorders 

8a. Laboratory tests of renal function (nitrogen metabolites) 
8b. Laboratory tests of purine (resp. pyrimidine) metabolism disorders

9. Laboratory tests of liver diseases in hepatology (metabolism of porphyrin) 

10. Laboratory tests in gastroenterology (biochemistry of digestion) 

11a. Laboratory tests of muscles and myocardium diseases (myocardial infarct)
11b. Laboratory tests of bone disorders (osteoporosis) 

12. Laboratory tests of hormonal disorders in endocrinology 

13a. Methods used in clinical biochemistry laboratory
13b. Reliability and variability of the laboratory findings (statistics) 

Last update: Martínková Markéta, prof. RNDr., Ph.D. (14.02.2021)
Learning outcomes -

The student interprets the results of biochemical analysis of basic clinical materials (whole blood, plasma, serum, urine, stool, etc.). The student knows the basics of differential diagnosis in clinical-biochemical practice and applies differential diagnosis to human pathologies (especially in the context of diseases of the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract including liver, muscles including myocardium, bones, thyroid, gonads and adrenal glands). The student describes how processes in the human body and their changes (physiological and pathological) affect the results of laboratory testing. The student can explain how metabolism or its disorders affect the composition of body fluids and vice versa. The student writes down equations on the essence of biochemical or chemical methods of determination of basic clinical-biochemical markers (determination of glycemia, cholesterolemia, bilirubinemia and determination of creatinine, urea, uric acid concentrations, etc.). The student applies clinical enzymology especially with respect to the determination of catalytic concentrations of ALT, AST, ALP, ACP, CK, LD, GGT, amylase and lipase.

  • The student identifies basic physiological and pathological processes at the cellular level.
  • The student describes biochemical testing in oncology and critically evaluates the relevance of tumor markers to clinical practice.
  • The student describes the composition and function of blood plasma proteins and can explain why blood plasma is the key and most frequently analyzed clinical-biochemical material.
  • The student explains the nature of clinical biochemistry of the internal environment, including diabetes insipidus and hypertension.
  • The student evaluates the patient's acid-base balance status and the process of blood gas exchange. The student explains the nature of the basic four simple disorders of acid-base balance and can give an example of a combination of acid-base balance disorders acting in the same and opposite directions.
  • The student interprets biochemical tests in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, especially diabetes mellitus.
  • The student demonstrates knowledge of biochemical testing in disorders of lipid metabolism and the student interprets the nature of atherosclerosis and its relationship to other pathological conditions, including diabetes mellitus.
  • The student evaluates the severity and nature of disorders of amino acid metabolism from the three base groups (aromatic, branched chain, and sulfur amino acids).
  • The student applies knowledge of clinical biochemistry to the evaluation of renal and urinary tract diseases.
  • The student explains biochemical testing in hepatology, with particular attention to porphyrin metabolism and especially hyperbilirubinemias.
  • The student reviews key aspects of biochemical testing in gastroenterology and describes digestion (and its disorders) of various nutrient groups (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins).
  • The student evaluates biochemical testing in diseases of the muscles and heart, such as myocardial infarction.
  • The student discusses biochemical testing in bone disease, such as osteoporosis.
  • The student evaluates the importance of biochemical testing in endocrinology for the diagnosis of hormonal disorders.
  • The student discusses the use of various laboratory methods in clinical biochemistry. The student names representatives of separation and analytical methods. The student distinguishes the nature and principle of various methods used in clinical practice especially optical, electrochemical, and immunochemical methods. The student names various examples of point of care testing methods.
  • The student analyzes the reliability and variability of laboratory test results, and particularly the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical influences on the reliability of laboratory tests.
Last update: Martínková Markéta, prof. RNDr., Ph.D. (30.12.2024)