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Course, academic year 2024/2025
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Electroanalytical methods in environmental, clinical and toxicological analysis - MC230P61
Title: Elektroanalytické metody v environmentální, klinické a toxikologické analýze
Czech title: Elektroanalytické metody v environmentální, klinické a toxikologické analýze
Guaranteed by: Department of Analytical Chemistry (31-230)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2022
Semester: winter
E-Credits: 2
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: doc. RNDr. Karolina Schwarzová, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): RNDr. Hana Dejmková, Ph.D.
doc. RNDr. Karolina Schwarzová, Ph.D.
prof. RNDr. Vlastimil Vyskočil, Ph.D.
Files Comments Added by
download Amperometrie.pdf doc. RNDr. Karolina Schwarzová, Ph.D.
download Okruhy_otazek_ke_zkousce.pdf Okruhy otázek ke zkoušce doc. RNDr. Karolina Schwarzová, Ph.D.
download Prednaska_02a.pdf doc. RNDr. Karolina Schwarzová, Ph.D.
download Prednaska_03_Amperometrie.pdf doc. RNDr. Karolina Schwarzová, Ph.D.
download Prednaska_05_uhlíkové materiály.pdf Lecture 05 prof. RNDr. Vlastimil Vyskočil, Ph.D.
download Prednaska_06_elektrody pro oxidace_Pt_Au.pdf Lecture 06A prof. RNDr. Vlastimil Vyskočil, Ph.D.
download Prednaska_06_Tuhe_RDE,mikro,komposity.pdf Lecture 06B prof. RNDr. Vlastimil Vyskočil, Ph.D.
Annotation -
The lecture deals with theoretical and practical aspects of utilisation of electroanalytical methods in medicine, pharmacy, toxicology and environmental analysis.
Last update: Schwarzová Karolina, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (20.09.2024)
Literature -

1. D. A. Skoog, D. M. West, F. M. Holler, S. R. Crouch: Analytical Chemistry
2. J. Wang: Analytical Electrochemistry (3. vydání), Wiley-VCH, Hoboken, New York 2006.
3. V. S. Bagotsky: Fundamentals of Electrochemistry (2. vydání), John Wiley&Sons, Hoboken 2006.
4. A. J. Bard, L. R. Faulkner: Electrochemical Methods - Fundamentals and Applications (2. vydání), John Wiley&Sons, New York 2001.
5. J. Zýka a kol.: Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry I, Ellis Horwood, Chichester 1991.
6. J. Zýka a kol.: Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry II, Ellis Horwood, Chichester 1994.
7. H. Lund, O. Hammerich: Organic Electrochemistry (4. vydání), Marcel Dekker, New York 2001.
Last update: Schwarzová Karolina, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (25.09.2024)
Requirements to the exam -
The exam is oral, students draw lots of questions from the list, which covers all the lectures and which students receive at the lecture.
Last update: Vyskočil Vlastimil, prof. RNDr., Ph.D. (18.02.2022)
Syllabus -

Course outline:

1. Introduction to the subject, explanation of basic concepts (current, potential, voltage, electrical resistance, charge, capacitance, permittivity, mass flow, diffusion, convection, electrode bilayer, oxidation, reduction, cathode, anode, standard redox potential).

2. Working, reference and auxiliary electrodes for electrochemical measurements and instrumentation of these measurements. Two-electrode and three-electrode circuits. Activation of working electrodes.

3. Galvanic cell, electrolysis

4. Reducible analytes and suitable electrode materials for their detection.

5. Oxidizable analytes and suitable electrode materials for their detection.

6. Polarographic and voltammetric methods, types of currents.

7. Potentiometric methods, Nernst equation.

8. Amperometry, coulometry.

9.Conductometry.

10. Electrochemical detection in flow methods.

11. Electrochemical sensors, electrode surface modification.

12. Sampling and treatment of real samples, their preliminary separation and pre-concentration.

13. Electroanalytical method development procedure, automation, miniaturization, on-site analysis, point-of-care analysis.

14. Data evaluation and statistical processing, calibration dependence, method sensitivity, limit of detection and determination.

Last update: Schwarzová Karolina, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (25.09.2024)
Learning outcomes -

Upon completion of the lecture, the student will be able to:
1. Introduction to the subject
- Define the basic terms: current, potential, voltage, electrical resistance, charge, capacitance, permittivity, electrode double layer, mass flow, diffusion, convection, migration, oxidation, reduction, cathode, anode.
2. Electrodes for electrochemical measurements
- Describe the function of working, reference and auxiliary electrodes in electrochemical measurements. List the most commonly used reference electrodes and explain the principle of their function.
- State the methods of activating the surface of working electrodes
- Discuss the differences between two-electrode and three-electrode circuit.
- Explain the principle of instrumentation of electrochemical measurements for each method.
3. Galvanic cell and electrolysis
- Explain the principle of galvanic cell and electrolysis in relation to Faraday's laws.
- Give examples of these processes in practice.
4. Reducible analytes and electrode materials
- List typical inorganic reducible analytes and reducible groups in organic compounds with examples of specific compounds and reduction mechanisms
- Explain which electrode materials are suitable for the detection of reducible analytes and give examples.
5. Oxidizable analytes and electrode materials
- List typical inorganic oxidisable analytes and oxidisable groups in organic compounds with examples of specific compounds and oxidation mechanisms
- Explain which electrode materials are suitable for the detection of oxidizable analytes and give examples.
6. Polarographic and voltammetric methods
- Explain the principle of polarographic and voltammetric methods including pulse and adsorption methods.
- Describe the different types of currents that are typical for these measurements and derive on which system parameters they depend
- Discuss the issue of oxygen reduction in polarographic and voltammetric methods
7. Potentiometric methods
- Explain the principle of potentiometry based on an understanding of the Nernst equation
- Describe the use of potentiometry as an indication of the equivalence point in titration methods and give examples.
8. Amperometry, coulometry
- Describe the principles of coulometry and amperometry and discuss the correspondences and differences between the two methods.
9. Conductometry
- Explain the principle of conductometry and give examples of its application.
10. Electrochemical detection in flow methods
- List electrochemical detection methods for flow techniques. Describe the chromatogram/record of flow injection analysis/electropherogram and methods of quantification of analytes from these records.
- Discuss applications of these methods in practice.
11. Electrode surface modification, electrochemical sensors
- Give examples of electrode surface modification and compare their advantages and disadvantages compared to unmodified surfaces
- Explain the principle of electrochemical sensors including a sensor for glucose quantification and give further examples
12. Collection and modification of real samples
- Describe the procedures for the collection and conditioning of real samples for electrochemical analysis.
- Discuss methods of pre-separation and pre-concentration of samples in relation to the structure of the analytes.
13. Development of an electroanalytical method
- Explain the steps involved in the design and optimization of an electroanalytical method.
- Discuss the advantages of miniaturization in electroanalytical methods and the problems of in-field, point-of-care analysis.
14. Data evaluation and statistical processing
- Define the concepts of calibration dependence, method sensitivity, limit of detection and determination.
- Describe methods of data evaluation, validation and statistical processing.

Last update: Schwarzová Karolina, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (25.09.2024)
 
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