SubjectsSubjects(version: 978)
Course, academic year 2025/2026
   
Toxicology - MC230P32
Title: Toxikologie
Czech title: Toxikologie
Guaranteed by: Department of Analytical Chemistry (31-230)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2024
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 2
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Note: enabled for web enrollment
priority enrollment if the course is part of the study plan
Guarantor: doc. RNDr. Karel Nesměrák, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): doc. RNDr. Karel Nesměrák, Ph.D.
Annotation -
The lecture gives a basic and comprehensive survey of toxicology of chemicals. It deals with general and special toxicology, legislation and safety in chemical laboratory. General toxicology explains toxic indices, their determination and interpretation, hazard and risk, mechanisms of absorption, distribution, biotransformation and elimination of chemicals in a body (toxicokinetics), mechanisms of toxic effects (toxicodynamics) and factors governing these effects. Physicochemical and biochemical interpretation of toxic actions is stressed. A chapter is devoted to analytical and predictive toxicology. The special toxicology gives a survey of toxicologically important compounds (inorganic, organic, and natural substances). The last part of a lecture deals with toxicological legislation and safety in chemical laboratory.

For Erasmus students the lecture it is taught only by self-study method combined with consultations. Detailed information about the course will be sent to Erasmus programme students at the beginning of the semester.
Last update: Nesměrák Karel, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (15.02.2026)
Literature -

Textbooks

  • Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 9th Ed. New York, McGrawHill 2019.
  • Reich, F.X. et al.: Illustrated Handbook of Toxicology. Stuttgart, Thieme 2010.

On-line books

Last update: Nesměrák Karel, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (12.02.2022)
Requirements to the exam -

Everything that was taught is tested. The exam is in the form of a written test, the requirement for fulfillment is more than 60% of possible points.

Last update: Nesměrák Karel, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (28.10.2019)
Syllabus -

• History of toxicology

• Basic toxicological terms

• Toxicokinetics

• Analytical toxicology, Assessment of toxicity

• Toxixodynamics

• Special toxicology I. (inorganic compounds)

• Special toxicology II. (organic compounds)

• Special toxicology III. (natural substances)

• Legislation, safety, and information in toxicology

Last update: Nesměrák Karel, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (27.09.2013)
Learning outcomes -

Upon completion of this course, the student:

  • Will understand basic toxicological concepts such as toxicity, poison, xenobiotic, toxin, and toxic effect.

  • Will be familiar with different types of toxic effects, including reversible and irreversible, specific and nonspecific, as well as systemic effects.

  • Will be able to distinguish between acute, chronic, and delayed exposure and understand how dose and time influence toxic effects.

  • Will be able to define toxicokinetics and its phases (ADME/LADMET) and understand how a xenobiotic moves within the body.

  • Will have an overview of the various routes of xenobiotic entry into the body (inhalational, oral, dermal, intravenous) and their specific characteristics.

  • Will understand the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of xenobiotics and the factors influencing them.

  • Will understand the concept of biological half-life and its significance for the accumulation of xenobiotics in the body.

  • Will be able to define and apply toxicological indices such as LD₅₀, NOAEL, and LOAEL.

  • Will be familiar with the principles of exposure monitoring and biological exposure tests.

  • Will be acquainted with analytical toxicology methods for the determination of xenobiotics and their metabolites in biological samples.

  • Will have an overview of different methods of toxicity assessment, including animal testing (in vivo), alternative methods (in vitro), and predictive toxicology.

  • Will understand the mechanisms of toxic action at the molecular and cellular levels (toxicodynamics).

  • Will be able to distinguish between specific and nonspecific toxic effects and provide examples of xenobiotics exhibiting these effects.

  • Will understand genotoxic effects, including mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, and be familiar with examples of substances with such effects.

  • Will be aware of teratogenic and immunotoxic effects of xenobiotics.

  • Will be familiar with various types of organ toxicity (dermatotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity) and examples of substances that cause them.

  • Will have an overview of the toxicity of selected elements and their compounds, including inorganic and organometallic substances.

  • Will be oriented in legislation concerning chemical substances and occupational safety.

  • Will be able to apply first aid principles in cases of chemical poisoning.

  • Will be able to search for information in toxicological information resources.

Last update: Nesměrák Karel, doc. RNDr., Ph.D. (15.02.2026)
 
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