SubjectsSubjects(version: 978)
Course, academic year 2025/2026
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Molecular Applications in Zoology - MB170P62
Title: Molecular Applications in Zoology
Czech title: Molekulární metody v zoologii
Guaranteed by: Department of Zoology (31-170)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2025
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 4
Examination process: summer s.:written
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Extent per academic year: 1 [days]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Additional information: http://zuzanastarostova.webnode.cz/news/molecular-applications-in-zoology/
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: Mgr. Zuzana Starostová, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): prof. RNDr. Pavel Hulva, Ph.D.
doc. Mgr. Pavel Munclinger, Ph.D.
RNDr. Radka Reifová, Ph.D.
Mgr. Zuzana Starostová, Ph.D.
RNDr. František Šťáhlavský, Ph.D.
doc. RNDr. Michal Vinkler, Ph.D.
Incompatibility : MB170P59
Is incompatible with: MB170P59
Annotation -
This course explores how molecular markers and advanced cytogenetic techniques help us understand the natural world. Students will learn both basic and advanced applications of these genetic tools in zoology, including population biology, phylogeny, and phylogeography. The course covers laboratory methods for detecting molecular markers, cytogenetic techniques, and their use in real zoological studies. Topics range from genetic parentage and kinship to phylogenetic relationships across species. Examples will include both single-gene studies and genome-wide approaches. The course also includes two half-day practical sessions (lab and computer-based).

The first lecture will be on Tuesday February 17, 2026. Lectures are planned for Tuesdays at 1.10 PM (13:10) in the room B312 (3rd floor, Viničná 7). Study material can be found also on webpage: https://zuzanastarostova.webnode.cz/news/molecular-applications-in-zoology/.
Last update: Starostová Zuzana, Mgr., Ph.D. (24.01.2026)
Literature -

For the PowerPoint slides and other information related to the course please see: http://zuzanastarostova.webnode.cz/news/molecular-applications-in-zoology/

Last update: Starostová Zuzana, Mgr., Ph.D. (20.09.2014)
Requirements to the exam -

Written exam covering the range of topics included in the syllabus (one question per lesson). Participation at the practicals is compulsory. Details about practicals will be specified by email.

Last update: Starostová Zuzana, Mgr., Ph.D. (01.02.2025)
Syllabus -

1. Introduction, DNA extraction, PCR and electrophoresis (lecturer Zuzana Starostová)
2. How to read and make phylogenetic trees (lecturer Zuzana Starostová)
3. Phylogenetic trees II + use of molecular phylogenetics in zoology (lecturer Zuzana Starostová)
4. Molecular phylogeography (lecturer Pavel Hulva)
5. Next generation sequencing – introduction, short-read and long-read sequencing methods, assemblies (lecturer Radka Reifová)
6. Next generation sequencing – applications: whole genome sequecing, exome sequencing, ddRAD sequencing, metagenomics  (lecturer Radka Reifová)
7. Microsatellites and molecular identification of species, individuals and sex (lecturer Pavel Munclinger)
8. Population structure and paternity studies (lecturer Pavel Munclinger)
9. Gene expression – quantitative PCR, expression microarrays, transcriptome sequencing and analysis, epigenomics (lecturer Radka Reifová)
10. Functional genetic variability: From SNP to selection (lecturer Michal Vinkler)
11. Cytogenetic methods and their application in zoology (František Šťáhlavský)

Practicals:
Day 1: computers - database search and basic DNA sequence data handling

Day 2: lab work - molecular method of sex determination in birds - PCR, gel electrophoresis, cytogenetic methods

Last update: Starostová Zuzana, Mgr., Ph.D. (01.02.2025)
Learning outcomes -

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

Explain the principles of molecular methods used in zoology. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the theoretical background of basic and advanced techniques, including DNA extraction, PCR, electrophoresis, and sequencing technologies (Sanger sequencing and NGS).

Design an appropriate study strategy to address zoological questions. The student will be able to critically select the most suitable genetic marker (e.g., microsatellites, SNPs, mitochondrial DNA) for a given type of study – ranging from individual identification to phylogeny.

Interpret phylogenetic trees and evolutionary relationships. The student will be able to correctly read phylogenetic tree topologies and distinguish between the principles of different phylogenetic reconstruction methods.

Compare Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods. The student will be able to explain the differences between short-read and long-read technologies, whole-genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and metagenomics, and determine their suitability for various types of genomic studies.

Describe the application of genetic tools in population biology. The student will be able to theoretically propose procedures for parentage analysis, kinship analysis, or sex identification and explain how to detect the population structure of organisms.

Characterize methods for studying functional variability and gene expression. The student will be able to explain the principles of methods such as qPCR or RNA-seq and discuss the impact of selection on genetic variability.

Evaluate the contribution of cytogenetics to zoology. The student will be able to explain the significance of chromosomal studies and gain an overview of basic cytogenetic techniques.

Demonstrate basic practical skills in selected methods. The student will independently perform PCR and gel electrophoresis and practice basic cytogenetic techniques. In the computer-based session, the student will independently construct, analyze, and interpret a phylogenetic tree based on DNA sequences obtained primarily from public databases.

Last update: Starostová Zuzana, Mgr., Ph.D. (24.01.2026)
 
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