SubjectsSubjects(version: 978)
Course, academic year 2025/2026
   
Animal and human Ecophysiology - MB150P81
Title: Ekofyziologie živočichů a člověka
Czech title: Ekofyziologie živočichů a člověka
Guaranteed by: Department of Physiology (31-152)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2021
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: Mgr. Petr Telenský, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): Mgr. Zuzana Starostová, Ph.D.
Mgr. Petr Telenský, Ph.D.
Annotation -
Please note, the lectures are given in czech language only.

The lecture summarizes up-to-date advances in the understanding of physiological mechanisms and selective forces that shape the evolution of adaptations to changes in biotic and abiotic factors of environment with respect to species-specific limits in animals including humans.
Last update: Telenský Petr, Mgr., Ph.D. (13.02.2020)
Literature -

o   Knut  Schmidt-Nielsen: Animal physiology: adaptation and environment  1997

o   Pat Willmer, Graham Stone, Ian Johnston: Environmental physiology of animals 2005

Last update: Telenský Petr, Mgr., Ph.D. (13.02.2020)
Requirements to the exam -

The exam will be written.

Last update: Horníková Daniela, RNDr., Ph.D. (23.01.2023)
Syllabus -

 

Physiological adaptations to environment

Body size and animal energetics

Thermal biology of endotherms and ectotherms

Altitude and low-oxygen environments

Aquatic life

Aerial life

Terrestrial life

UV and ionizing radiation

Adaptations to climate change

Last update: Telenský Petr, Mgr., Ph.D. (13.02.2020)
Learning outcomes -

Knowledge – Understanding of Principles

  1. Explains the basic types of physiological responses of organisms to environmental changes (acute responses, acclimation, acclimatization, developmental and evolutionary changes).

  2. Describes and compares strategies of thermoregulation and thermoconformity in ectothermic and endothermic animals, including the concepts of the thermoneutral zone, basal metabolism, and critical temperatures.

  3. Explains the principles of animal energy metabolism and the relationship between body size and metabolic intensity (allometric scaling).

  4. Explains the physical and physiological principles of gas exchange in aquatic and terrestrial environments and the differences among the main types of respiratory systems (gills, lungs, tracheae).

  5. Describes the basic mechanisms of osmoregulation in animals living in freshwater, marine, and brackish environments.

  6. Explains the physiological consequences of changes in the partial pressure of oxygen with altitude and the basic mechanisms of acclimatization to hypoxia in humans and other animals.

  7. Characterizes the main physiological constraints and adaptations associated with active flight in animals.

  8. Explains the concepts of ecological tolerance, resistance, eurythermy/stenothermy, and their significance for species distribution.

  9. Describes the main physiological mechanisms by which animals can respond to ongoing climate change.

Skills – Working with Concepts and Data

  1. Interprets graphs and diagrams illustrating relationships among environmental temperature, body temperature, and metabolic rate in ectotherms and endotherms.

  2. Applies principles of allometric scaling to explain differences in the physiology of small and large animals.

  3. Compares physiological strategies of different animal groups when solving the same environmental problem (e.g., cold, heat, oxygen deficiency, osmotic stress).

  4. Explains, using a specific example, how the environment (water, land, air, high altitude) constrains and shapes organismal physiology.

Competencies – Broader Context and Applications

  1. Assesses how physiological limits influence the geographic distribution of species and their sensitivity to environmental changes.

  2. Evaluates how climate change may affect metabolic capacity, tolerance, and survival of different animal groups.

  3. Links physiological mechanisms with ecological and evolutionary consequences (e.g., trade-offs between energetic costs and environmental tolerance).

Last update: Telenský Petr, Mgr., Ph.D. (31.01.2026)
 
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