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Course, academic year 2025/2026   
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General and comparative physiology - MB150P65
Title: Obecná a srovnávací fyziologie
Czech title: Obecná a srovnávací fyziologie
Guaranteed by: Department of Physiology (31-152)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2013
Semester: summer
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: prof. RNDr. Jiří Pácha, DrSc.
Teacher(s): prof. RNDr. Jiří Pácha, DrSc.
Mgr. Petr Telenský, Ph.D.
Annotation -
A course complementing and extending the basic knowledge acquired during the study of the subject Physiology of Animals and Humans, or Basics of Animal Physiology. It provides an overview of general physiological principles and regulations of body systems and functions of animals, but its main emphasis lies in a comparative approach to the explanation of basic physiological functions using different examples of different vertebrate and invertebrate species. A compulsory elective course for those interested in the Master's degree in Animal Physiology (specialization Animal Physiology) and a recommended elective course for students of teacher combinations and other interested persons. The lectures are given in Czech language only.
Last update: Pácha Jiří, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (08.08.2024)
Literature -

P. J. Butler et al.: Animal Physiology. An Environmental Pespective. Oxford Univ. Press, 2021

R. W. Hill et al.: Animal Physiology, 5th Ed. Sinauer 2021 (vhodná jsou i starší vydání)

G. F. Striedter: Principles of brain evolution, Sinauer 2004

P. C. Withers: Comparative Animal Physiology, Saunders College Press, 1992

Last update: Pácha Jiří, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (08.08.2024)
Requirements to the exam -

The course is completed by an oral exam.

Last update: Pácha Jiří, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (28.08.2024)
Syllabus - Czech

Sylabus pro 2019/2020:

 

1.     Úvod do srovnávací fyziologie (Petr Telenský)

2.     Energetický metabolismus (PT)

3.     Termoregulace (PT)

4.     Trávení (Jiří Pácha)

5.     Exkrece (JP)

6.     Respirace (JP)

7.     Kardiovaskulární systém (JP)

8.     Humorální regulace (JP)

9.     Pohybová soustava (PT)

10.   Smysly a komunikace (PT)

11.   Nervová soustava a kognitivní funkce (PT)

12.   Imunitní systém (JP)

 

Last update: Telenský Petr, Mgr., Ph.D. (20.05.2020)
Learning outcomes -

Knowledge

After completing the course, the student:

  1. Describes the basic principles of physiological regulation, including homeostasis, feedback, regulatory loops, and the integrative roles of the nervous and endocrine systems.

  2. Explains the fundamental principles of animal energy metabolism and the differences between resting, basal, and maximal metabolic rates.

  3. Characterizes and compares thermoregulatory strategies of ectothermic and endothermic organisms, including physiological mechanisms of heat production and heat loss.

  4. Describes the basic principles of digestion, nutrient absorption, and differences among feeding strategies (carnivory, herbivory, omnivory) in relation to digestive system structure and function.

  5. Explains the physical and physiological principles of gas exchange and the transport of O₂ and CO₂ in aquatic and terrestrial animals.

  6. Describes the basic organization and functions of circulatory systems (open vs. closed) and their roles in the transport of gases, nutrients, hormones, and heat.

  7. Explains the principles of osmoregulation and nitrogenous waste excretion and compares major excretory organs across animal groups.

  8. Characterizes the main types of hormones, their receptors, and mechanisms of action, including principles of hormonal regulation and feedback control.

  9. Describes the basic structure and function of the nervous system, including principles of signal transmission, organization of sensory systems, and control of behavior.

  10. Explains the fundamental principles of immune system organization and function, including differences between innate and adaptive immunity.

  11. Describes the basic mechanisms of muscle contraction and principles of movement and locomotion in different animal groups.

Skills

After completing the course, the student:

  1. Interprets graphs and diagrams illustrating relationships between physiological variables (e.g., metabolism vs. temperature, ventilation vs. oxygen consumption, blood flow vs. resistance).

  2. Compares physiological strategies used by different animal groups to solve similar functional challenges (e.g., oxygen acquisition, water and ion regulation, maintenance of body temperature).

  3. Applies basic physical and chemical principles (diffusion, partial pressures, osmosis, conservation of energy) to explain physiological processes.

  4. Explains, using specific examples, how the structure of an organ system relates to its functional demands and the environment in which an organism lives.

  5. Analyzes the roles of major regulatory systems (nervous, endocrine, immune) in maintaining homeostasis in model situations.

  6. Infers the consequences of dysfunction in selected physiological mechanisms (e.g., ventilation, kidney function, hormonal regulation) for the functioning of the whole organism.

Last update: Telenský Petr, Mgr., Ph.D. (01.02.2026)
Entry requirements - Czech

Podmínkou je absolvování předmětu MB150P26B nebo MB150P07 nebo MB150P37.

Last update: Horníková Daniela, RNDr., Ph.D. (04.04.2008)
 
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