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The lecture provides a more detailed overview of physiological principles, partial physiological functions and mechanisms of their regulation, including integration at the level of the whole organism, and is recommended especially for students of bachelor's degree programs who want to study experimental biological disciplines in their master's studies. The course summarizes knowledge about the functions of the nervous, endocrine, muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, excretory, digestive and reproductive systems and about changes in physiological functions in special situations (physical exertion, pregnancy, aging, stress, adaptation to the environment). Emphasis is put on understanding the physiological processes from the point of view of biophysics and general and cellular physiology. Please note, the lecture is given in Czech language only.
Last update: Pácha Jiří, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (08.08.2024)
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W.F. Boron, E.L. Boulpaep: Medical Physiology. Elsevier 2017 F. Ganong: Přehled lékařské fyziologie. 20. vydání. Galen, 2005 O. Kittnar et al.: Lékařská fyziologie. Grada, 2011 L. Sherwood, H. Klandorf, P.H. Yancey: Animal Physiology. From Genes to Organisms. Thomson, Brooks, Cole, 2005 S. Silbernagl, A. Despopoulos: Atlas fyziologie člověka. Grada, 2016 Z. Vodrážka Fyzikální chemie pro biologické vědy, Praha 1982 M. J. Zigmond et al. Fundamental Neuroscience, Academic Press, 2001 Last update: Pácha Jiří, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (08.08.2024)
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The course is completed by a written test in the 1st regular and 1st resit term, the 2nd resit is oral. Last update: Pácha Jiří, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (08.08.2024)
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1. Study of animal physiology, overview of the development of the field, experimental methods of physiological research. Physical and chemical principles of physiological functions. Internal environment, body fluids, homeostasis. 2. Molecules, energy and biosynthesis. Membranes, ion channels, transport, receptors, G proteins, signaling cascades and messengers. 3. Excitable tissues - nerve, muscle. Physical principles of neuron function, resting and action potential, cable properties and conduction. Synapse. Neuroglia. Cell types and their functions in the central and peripheral nervous system. 4. Nervous system central, peripheral, autonomic. Anatomy and function, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves. 5. Nerve reflexes, instincts, behavior, emotions, learning, memory, sleep and wakefulness. Biological rhythms. 6. Sensoey physiology, receptors, nerve afferent pathways, sensory imaging, sensory modalities. 7. Skeletal and smooth muscles, mechanics and energetics of muscle contraction, motor control, movement. 8. Circulation. Circulating fluids – blood, lymph, hemolymph. Blood cells and immunity. Heart and blood vessels, microcirculation. Regulation of blood pressure and cardiac output. 9. Respiration and transport of O2 and CO2 in terrestrial and aquatic animals. Mechanics of respiration, ventilation and perfusion of lungs and gills, gas exchange in respiratory organs and tissues, blood pigments, tissue respiration and regulation of respiration. Acid-base balance. 10. Excretion and homeostasis of salts and water. Excretory organs and urine production. Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, osmoregulation. Metabolism of salts and water in relation to the environment. 11. Digestion. Food intake, digestion and absorption of nutrients. Gastrointestinal secretion. Neural and humoral regulation of gastrointestinal function. Gastrointestinal function in herbivores. 12. Physiology of the liver, hepatobiliary function. 13. Endocrine and neuroendocrine systems. Endocrine glands, control of hormone secretion and their physiological effects. 14. Physiology of reproduction. Gonads, development and function of the reproductive system, hormonal regulation. Mammalian placenta and mammary glands, breast milk production and regulation of lactation. 15. Energy metabolism and nutrition, energy balance and body temperature in animals. Storage and release of energy in the body. Regulation of food intake. 16. Organism and environment. Influence of external factors on physiological functions, adaptation, acclimatization. Last update: Pácha Jiří, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (08.08.2024)
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