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Please note, the lecture is given in Czech language only.
The course provides an overview of the basic principles of animal physiology with an emphasis on how the organism works. The course is structured according to the main physiological systems and provides a comprehensive understanding of the functions of the nervous, endocrine, muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems, with an emphasis on the mechanisms by which physiological functions are regulated. Space is also devoted to the questions of how physiological functions are integrated at the level of the whole organism and how they allow the individual to respond to changes in the environment. The course is suitable for students who want to gain an overview of how the basic vital functions of the body are ensured. Last update: Pácha Jiří, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (07.08.2024)
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W.F. Boron, E.L. Boulpaep: Medical Physiology. Elsevier 2017 F. Ganong: Přehled lékařské fyziologie. 20. vydání. Galen, 2005 O. Kittnar et al.: Lékařská fyziologie. Grada, 2011 L. Sherwood, H. Klandorf, P.H. Yancey: Animal Physiology. From Genes to Organisms. Thomson, Brooks, Cole, 2005 S. Silbernagl, A. Despopoulos: Atlas fyziologie člověka. Grada, 2016 Last update: Pácha Jiří, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (07.08.2024)
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Předmět je ukončen písemným testem v 1. řádném a 1. opravném termínu, 2. opravný termín je ústní. Last update: Pácha Jiří, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (08.08.2024)
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1. What is animal physiology and what is the subject of its study, origin and development of the field. Levels of organization, homeostasis and principles of regulation, adaptation, acclimatization. 2. Physiology of cells and molecules. Biological membranes, functional organization of the cell, membrane transport, signal transduction, generation of resting membrane potential. Function of the epithelium. 3. Food and digestion. Digestion. Food intake, nutrient absorption, gastrointestinal secretion, neural and humoral regulation of gastrointestinal function. Gastrointestinal function in herbivores. 4. Energy metabolism and nutrition, energy balance and body temperature in animals. Storage and release of energy in the body. Regulation of food intake. 5. Muscles and movement. Skeletal and smooth muscles, mechanics and energetics of muscle contraction, motor control. Adaptation to flight. 6. Respiration and transport of O2 and CO2 in terrestrial and aquatic animals. Mechanics of respiration, ventilation and perfusion of lungs and gills, gas exchange in respiratory organs and tissues, blood pigments, tissue respiration and regulation of respiration. 7. Circulation. Evolution of circulation, circulating fluids - blood, lymph, hemolymph. Arteries and veins, microcirculation, heart. Regulation of blood pressure and cardiac output. 8. Water, salts and excretion. Excretory organs and urine production. Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, osmoregulation. Metabolism of salts and water in relation to the environment. 9. Cellular foundations of nervous system physiology. Biophysics of neurons, ion channels, resting and action potential, synaptic transmission, mediators and receptors, basics of pharmacology of ion channels and receptors, propagation of nerve impulses. 10. Organization of vertebrate nervous system. Brain, spinal cord and nerves. Functional anatomy of the brain and nerve cells. Blood-brain barrier. Autonomic nervous system. 11. Neural reflexes, instincts, behavior, emotions, learning, memory, sleep and wakefulness. Biological rhythms. Migration and navigation. 12. Physiology of the senses. Photoreception, mechanoreception, proprioreception, chemoreception, thermoreception, nociception, magnetoreception. 13. Endocrine and neuroendocrine regulation. Organization of endocrine regulation. Endocrine growth regulation. Thyroid, adrenal and endocrine pancreas, parathyroid glands and regulation of calcium homeostasis. 14. Physiology of reproduction. Male and female reproductive systems and their development, hormonal regulation. Placenta of vertebrates and mammary glands of mammals. Last update: Pácha Jiří, prof. RNDr., DrSc. (08.08.2024)
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