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The lecture is specifically designed for students of "Biology oriented at education" programmes. It introduces them to the
field of modern genetics, the knowledge of which is necessary for the understanding of the majority of other biological subjects and areas. The lecture gives a summary of the basic genetic terms and rules, as well as of the contemporary trends in genetics (extranuclear inheritance, epigenetic, molecular evolution ...). At the same time, it offers opportunity to discuss the implications of the results of genetic research for the modern society (genetic diagnostics and gene therapy, forensic genetics, genetic engineering of plants and animals etc.). Last update: Rothová Olga, RNDr., Ph.D. (15.04.2008)
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Kočová M., Nováková M.: Vybrané úlohy ke cvičením z genetiky. Karolinum, Praha, 1997. Kočárek E.: Genetika, Scientia, Praha, 2004. Klug W.S., Cummings M.R., Spencer C.A.: Concepts of Genetics (8th ed.), Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2006. Russell P.J.: iGenetics. A Mendelian Approach. Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, CA, 2006. Griffiths A.J.F., Wessler S.R., Lewontin R.C., Gelbart W.M., Suzuki D.T., Miller J.H.: Introduction to Genetic Analysis (8th ed.). W.H.Freeman and Co., New York, 2005. Last update: Rothová Olga, RNDr., Ph.D. (15.04.2008)
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The exam is oral, it will take about half an hour, the content of lectures will be tested. Last update: Schierová Michaela, RNDr., Ph.D. (24.10.2019)
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Cell division and reproduction of organisms Haploidy-diploidy, basis of cytogenetics - chromosome, mitosis, meiosis, structure and behaviour of chromosomes during cell cycle, B chromosomes, spermatogenesis and oogenesis Model organisms in biology and genetics Basic concepts of genetics Heredity and variability, gene, allele, genotype, phenotype, dominance - recessivity - co-dominance, principles of segregation and combination, lethality, gene interactions - types, causes and manifestations Gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Regulation of gene expression ? common attributes and differences, the effect of external and internal environment, developmental genetics, epigenetic regulation Mutation and mutagenesis Gene ? chromosome ? genome mutations, mutagenes, DNA repair, transposable elements, polyploidy ? eupolyploidy, aneuploidy, evolutionary role of mutations, process of speciation Gene linkage Recombination, crossing-over, linkage analysis, gene mapping Genetic control of sex determination Genetic and environmental sex determination in various organisms, lyonization, sex-linked, sex-limited and sex-influenced traits and their heredity Extranuclear inheritance Extranuclear genomes in the cell, their inheritance, interaction with nuclear genome, genomes of viruses and viroids Quantitative genetics Polygenic determination of traits, principles and methods of traditional and modern quantitative genetics, heritability Human genetics Pedigree analysis, examining twins, karyotype analysis, diagnostics of genetic diseases, gene therapy Population and evolutionary genetics Types of populations, Hardy-Weinberg´s law, genetic equilibrium forces that change gene frequencies in populations (selection, mutation, migration, genetic drift etc.) Practical uses of genetics Breeding and its methods (selection, mutagenesis, polyploidization, genetically modified organisms), forensic genetics, conservation genetics and endangered species programmes
Last update: Rothová Olga, RNDr., Ph.D. (15.04.2008)
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