SubjectsSubjects(version: 983)
Course, academic year 2025/2026
   
Principles of genetics: course - MB140C16
Title: Základy genetiky - cvičení
Czech title: Základy genetiky - cvičení
Guaranteed by: Department of Genetics and Microbiology (31-140)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2025
Semester: winter
E-Credits: 2
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:0/2, C [HT]
Capacity: 70
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Level: basic
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: RNDr. Michaela Schierová, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): RNDr. Michaela Schierová, Ph.D.
Annotation -
The seminars focus on solving genetics problems (primarily the analysis of cross-breeding results), with an emphasis on gene interactions, gene linkage, and population genetics. The objective of the course is to help students of the "Principles of of Genetics, MB140P16" lecture better understand key concepts and genetic principles, while integrating information from individual chapters. The seminars do not run in blocks (intensive modules). The course is designed for 1st or 2nd-year Bachelor's students in the Biology program. Instruction is in Czech only.
Last update: Schierová Michaela, RNDr., Ph.D. (09.03.2026)
Requirements to the exam

Students will receive a credit (zápočet) based on their attendance at seminars – a minimum of 6 sessions per semester – and the successful completion of at least two assignments on Moodle. Please note that these assignments have fixed deadlines.

Last update: Schierová Michaela, RNDr., Ph.D. (09.03.2026)
Syllabus -

Genetic Terminology in Practice: Paternity, blood group inheritance, genetic terms..
Meiosis.
Mendel’s Laws: Use of the branch-line method for deriving segregation ratios in multi-gene crosses.

Gene Interactions: Dominant and recessive epistasis, complementarity, and inhibition.

Gene Linkage: Determining gene linkage in dihybrid crosses. Gene mapping – three-point test (3 seminars).
Sex-linked Inheritance.

Population Genetics: Determining the genotypic composition of a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and non-equilibrium. Studying the impact of mutations, selection, migration, and inbreeding on allele and genotype frequencies (2 seminars).

Last update: Schierová Michaela, RNDr., Ph.D. (09.03.2026)
Learning outcomes -

Upon successful completion of the seminar (MB140C16), the student:

1. Genetic Symbolism and Fundamental Principles

  • Defines and correctly applies genetic symbolism for recording genes, alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes for both autosomal and gonosomal (sex-linked) traits.
  • Identifies the mode of inheritance based on pedigree analysis or cross-breeding results (paternity, blood groups).
  • Applies the binomial theorem to calculate the probability of specific phenotype combinations in offspring.
  • Explains the connection between meiotic phases and allele segregation; diagrams chromosome behavior during meiosis for both linked and independently assorting genes.

2. Mendelism and Gene Interactions

  • Derives genotypic and phenotypic segregation ratios using the branch-line method for dihybrid and polyhybrid crosses.
  • Interprets deviations from standard Mendelian ratios caused by gene interactions (dominant and recessive epistasis, complementarity, inhibition).
  • Designs appropriate crosses (e.g., testcross/backcross) to verify the genotype of a tested individual.
  • Analyzes the causes and effects of incomplete dominance and codominance on phenotypic expression.
  • Performs statistical evaluation of breeding results using the Chi-square (χ2) goodness-of-fit test and justifies the acceptance or rejection of a genetic hypothesis.

3. Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping

  • Distinguishes between independent assortment and gene linkage based on segregation ratios in the generation (testcross) offspring.
  • Calculates linkage intensity (Morgan and Bateson numbers) and determines the map distance between genes in centimorgans (cM).
  • Interprets the difference between cis (coupling) and trans (repulsion) linkage phases and their effect on gamete frequency.
  • Constructs genetic maps based on three-point testcross results and calculates recombination frequency accounting for interference.

4. Sex-Linked Inheritance

  • Applies knowledge of gonosomal inheritance to solve problems (X-linked traits, sex-limited, and sex-influenced traits).
  • Calculates the risk of transmitting genetic disorders (e.g., rickets) depending on the sex of the offspring and parental genotypes.

5. Population Genetics

  • Calculates allele and genotype frequencies in a population assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
  • Analyzes the influence of evolutionary factors (mutation, selection, migration) and inbreeding on the genetic structure of populations.
  • Categorizes populations as panmictic or autogamous and describes the dynamics of changes in their genotypic composition over time.
Last update: Schierová Michaela, RNDr., Ph.D. (09.03.2026)
 
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