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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Plant cytology - MB130P30
Title: Rostlinná cytologie
Czech title: Rostlinná cytologie
Guaranteed by: Department of Experimental Plant Biology (31-130)
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Actual: from 2018
Semester: winter
E-Credits: 4
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:3/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: 5
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Additional information: http://kfrserver.natur.cuni.cz/lide/schwarze/cytologie/cytol.htm
Note: enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: RNDr. Kateřina Schwarzerová, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): RNDr. Kateřina Schwarzerová, Ph.D.
Class: Mikrovlný procesor histologických vzorků
Incompatibility : MB130P34
Is incompatible with: MB130P34
Is complex co-requisite for: MB130C30
Annotation -
Last update: VOTRUB (10.02.2003)
Course on plant cytology for advanced students. The course deals with evolution and compartmentation of plant cells, with structure, function and development of plant cell components (endomembrane system, vacuoles, nuclei, mitochondria, plastids, cytoskeleton and cell wall), with cell signalling and cell polarity, ontogenetic development of plant cells and its regulation (cell division, growth, and morphogenesis, cell senescence, and programmed cell death).
Literature -
Last update: RNDr. Hana Konrádová, Ph.D. (29.10.2019)

Buchanan, B.B., Gruissem, W., Jones, R.L.: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants.-American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, Maryland 2001, ISBN 0-943088-39-9

Alberts, B., Bray, D., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P.: Základy buněčné biologie, Espero Publishing, Ústí nad Labem 2001, ISBN 80-902906-0-4

Requirements to the exam - Czech
Last update: RNDr. Hana Konrádová, Ph.D. (15.03.2019)

Zkouška
1. termín: test
2. termín (opravný): test
3. termín (opravný): ústní zkouška, nutno kontaktovat přednášejícího e-mailem.

Průběžný test: bude se konat po odpřednášení poloviny přednášek (náhradní termín další týden).
Průběžný test obsahuje 10 jednodušších otázek, každá bodována maximálně 2 body.
Hodnocení průběžného testu se bude následujícím způsobem promítat do hodnocení závěrečného testu:

Získání 20-18 bodů v průběžném testu: v závěrečném zkouškovém testu budou přičteny 2 body.
Získání 17-3 bodů: bez bodového zisku či ztráty.
Získání 0-2 bodů: v závěrečném zkouškovém testu bude jeden bod odečten.
Neabsolvování testu: v závěrečném zkouškovém testu budou odečteny 2 body.

Syllabus -
Last update: VOTRUB (07.04.2003)

1. History of plant cytology

2. Plant cell as a component of photoautotrophic organisms, evolution of plant cells

3. Compartmentalisation of plant cell

Compartmentalisation rules, role of membranes. Composition of membranes (membrane lipids and proteins), transport across membranes. Changes in membrane arrangement and composition during cell ontogeny and as a response to environmental factors

4. Endomembrane system of plant cells

Components of the endomembrane system (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles) and their mutual relationships.

5. Vacuole

Origin and growth of vacuoles, types of vacuoles. Tonoplast and its transport functions. Functions of vacuoles in maintaining cytoplasmic homeostasis, storage and detoxification. Roles of vacuoles in plant interactions with environment. Vacuoles as a lysosomal compartment. Role of the vacuole in water uptake and osmoregulation. Vacuoles and growth of plant cell.

6. Nucleus

Morphology of non-dividing (interphase) nucleus (nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus). The processes in the interphase nucleus and their regulation. Transport of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

7. Mitochondria

Origin of mitochondria. Morphology of mitochondria. Cell respiration and other mitochondrial functions. The development of mitochondria during cell differentiation, in dormant tissues and in response to environmental factors.

8. Plastids

Origin of plastids. Classification of plastids. Mutual plastid relationships. Chloroplasts - envelope membranes, peripheral reticulum, and transport of metabolites. System of thylakoid membranes and primary reactions of photosynthesis. Chloroplast stroma - functions in secondary reactions of photosynthesis and in nitrogen metabolism and proteosynthesis. Structure and functions of the chloroplasts of plants with C4 and CAM photosynthesis. The development of chloroplasts during leaf ontogeny. Structure, function and development of non-photosynthesizing plastids (proplastids, etioplasts, gerontoplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts).

9. Cell wall

Overview of cell wall functions. Macromolecules of the primary cell wall and cell wall architecture - interspecies differences and changes during cell growth and development Apoplastic transport. Biosynthesis and assembly of cell wall components. Cell wall growth.

Secondary cell wall - composition, development and occurrence. Impregnation of cell walls (lignification, suberisation and cutinisation)

10. Cytoskeleton

Organisation of cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin filaments). Cytoskeleton functions in cell arrangement, in transport processes and in cell growth and morphogenesis.

11. Cell signalling

Types of signals, reception and transduction of signals, second messengers

Plasmodesmata, their structure, transport of substances and signals through plasmodesmata, symplasmic domains

12. Development of plant cell

Cell division, growth, and morphogenesis, role of cytoskeleton and cell wall. Cell polarity. Programmed cell death in plant cell development and in response to stress factors

 
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