Toxicity of Natural Compounds - GAPS353
Title: Toxicity of Natural Compounds
Guaranteed by: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany (16-16230)
Faculty: Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
Actual: from 2024
Semester: summer
Points: 0
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: summer s.:written
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:42/0, Ex [HS]
Capacity: unknown / unknown (unknown)
Min. number of students: 5
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Is provided by: GAF353
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
Guarantor: doc. PharmDr. Jakub Chlebek, Ph.D.
Comes under: 2.ročník 2024/25 PS volitelné
Examination dates   SS schedule   
Annotation -
The subject is designed for students of the Master's program of Pharmacy. It identifies both the real and potential toxicity of natural substances occurring in plants, fungi, cyanobacteria, algae and terrestrial and marine animals, especially for humans, but also for some species of domestic animals. In these biological systems it defines toxic compounds, their biological (toxic) effect, the possibility of entering the organism and the image of intoxication. It deals with possible toxic effects both for medicinal plants and for plants that are generally considered to be toxic, as well as for plants found to be toxic compounds based on recent studies. From this point of view, it also describes the toxicity of mushrooms, algae and animals. It also discusses possible undesirable interactions with other substances in the case of ingestion of medicinal plants, fungi, food algae and animals. Learning outcomes of the course unit The aim of the subject is to provide knowledge about toxic substances originating not only from vegetative material, but also from terrestrial and marine animals, because these organisms are coming closer to the Central European population.
Last update: Chlebek Jakub, doc. PharmDr., Ph.D. (14.02.2025)
Course completion requirements -

Exam test - 25 questions- Attendace at lectures - 50%.

The exam is written and consists of: 10 questions with short answers and 15 quiz questions (only one correct answer). The evaluation ofthe exam testis performed asfollows:for each correct answerto the quiz question students get 1 point, each correct answer in short answer questions 3 points. To pass the exam, a minimum number of point is 27 (60%), a maximum number of points is 45. The exact exam scoring will be evaluated according to obtained points:

27-35 points: good

36-40 points: very well

·41-45 points: excellent

Last update: Chlebek Jakub, doc. PharmDr., Ph.D. (14.02.2025)
Literature -

Recommended:

  • Bruneton, J. . Toxic Plants: dangerous to humans and animals. . : Hampshire: Intercept Publ., 1999, 545 s. ISBN 1-898298-62-9.

  • Dauncey, Elizabeth A.. Poisonous plants : a guide for parents & childcare providers. Richmond: Kew Publishing, 2010, 180 s. ISBN 978-1-84246-406-9.

  • Turner, Nancy J., Aderkas, P. von. The North American guide to common poisonous plants and mushrooms. Portland: Timber Press, 2009, 375 s. ISBN 978-0-88192-929-4.

Last update: prepocet_literatura.php (19.09.2024)
Teaching methods -

Lectures.

Last update: Chlebek Jakub, doc. PharmDr., Ph.D. (18.02.2024)
Syllabus -
General characteristics of toxic substances
Toxins, their occurrence in vegetative (plant), fungi and animal (higher animal) material, toxin entry pathways and their manifestations in the body, absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion (by example) food.

Toxicity of secondary metabolites of plants I
Monoterpenes (sesquiterpene, sesquiterpene lactone, diterpene, triterpene: occurrence, biological effects and toxicity development).

Toxicity of secondary metabolites of plants II
Triterpenic and steroid saponins, steroids, cardenolids and bufadienolides.

Toxicity of secondary metabolites of plants III
Glycosylated metabolites - cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates; acetogenins - aliphatic (unusual aliphatic acids including fatty acids, polyols, aliphatic nitroso compounds), cyclic (polyketides, floroglucin derivatives, compound acetogenins, eg cannabinoids).

Toxicity of secondary metabolites of plants IV
Quinolizidine, pyridine, piperidine, tropane, isoquinoline alkaloids.

Toxicity of secondary metabolites of plants V
Indole alkaloids, quinoline, diterpene, steroid, alkaloids of other structures, toxic proteins (haemagglutinins).

Toxicity of secondary metabolites of plants VI
Phenol compounds (cinnamates, simple phenols, phenylpropanes, quinones, tannins, anthranoids, other phenolic compounds), aromatic nitro compounds (aristolochic acids).

Toxins of cyanobacteria and algae
Purine Derivatives, Macrolides, Cyclic Compounds, Other Toxic Substances).

Fungal Toxins I
Secondary metabolites of micromycetes (microscopic fungi).

Fungal Toxins II
Secondary metabolites of (hat fungus).

Toxins of marine animals
Toxic substances contained in flagelles, aubergines and molluscs.

Terrestrial animal toxins I
Ghosts (spiders, scorpions, mites, insects).

Terrestrial animal toxins II
Reptiles of the European and non-European regions.

Unexpected manifestations of toxic substances
Occurrence of toxic substances in some non-European vegetative drugs, interaction of toxic substances with food components or with each other, sensitivity of domestic animals to certain toxins.
Last update: Chlebek Jakub, doc. PharmDr., Ph.D. (14.02.2025)