Pharmacology I - GAF339
Title: Pharmacology I
Guaranteed by: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (16-16170)
Faculty: Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
Actual: from 2024
Semester: winter
Points: 0
E-Credits: 5
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:56/42, C [HS]
Capacity: unlimited / unlimited (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: deregister from the credit exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
Guarantor: prof. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D.
Comes under: 3.ročník 2024/25 Pharmacy (EN19)
Co-requisite : GAF341
Pre-requisite : GAF137, GAF232, GAF370
Interchangeability : GAF155, GAF309, GF339
Is co-requisite for: GAF189, GAF340, GAF358, GAF305, GAF341, GAF344
Is pre-requisite for: GAF372
Is interchangeable with: GF339, GAF155
Examination dates   WS schedule   
Annotation -
Pharmacology is a scientific discipline studying the interactions of drugs with the organism both in the sense of pharmacokinetics (the fate of the drug in the organism) and pharmacodynamics (effect of drugs on the organism). These interactions are studied at all levels (molecular, cellular, organ, whole organisms). Pharmacology teaching in the “Pharmacy study program” is divided into two immediately adjacent parts: Pharmacology I (taught in winter semester of the 3rd year) and Pharmacology II (taught in summer semester of the 3rd year). Students will first learn about the general rules of pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) and pharmacodynamics (mechanisms of drug effects, adverse reactions, principles of drug-drug interactions). Subsequently, topics of special pharmacology are discussed according to individual organ systems (e.g. cardiovascular, CNS, endocrine...). In the course of pharmacology, emphasis is also placed on the clinical aspects of drug effects in humans. The knowledge gained subsequently enables the pharmacist, in collaboration with a physician, to contribute to rational, safe and effective pharmacotherapy. <br>The subject of Pharmacology I focuses specifically on the following thematic areas: General pharmacology Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Special Pharmacology Pharmacology of the peripheral nervous system Pharmacology of the kidneys Pharmacology of the cardiovascular system (and risk factors) Pharmacology of the CNS (part I)
Last update: Štaud František, prof. PharmDr., Ph.D. (07.01.2018)
Course completion requirements -

Principal rule enabling students sit for the credit test of the winter term from Pharmacology

  • Attendance of the seminars from Pharmacology I. Maximum one justified absence of total 14 seminars is tolerated. Any additional absences will be solved individually by the teachers.

Form:

  • written test, 8 questions
  • 4 questions from special pharmacology (drugs acting on adrenergic or cholinergic receptors incl. cholinomimetics in the therapy of Alzheimer disease; pharmacotherapy of hypertension, dysrhythmias, coronary heart disease and heart failure)
  • one question on categorization of a drug according to the list of pharmacodynamic groups
  • one question on the pharmacological (clinical) use of a drug
  • two questions on mechanism of action of a drug
  • 4 questions from general pharmacology (both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics including one pharmacokinetic calculation)
  • maximal duration of the credit test is 20 minutes

Dates of the test:

  • Each student has maximum three possibilities for the credit test

Score and credit requirements:

  • test is multiple-choice (from 0 up to all correct answers) with exception of the first question (drug categorization)
  • all answers count (incl. unmarked)
  • correct answer + 1 point
  • wrong answer – 1 point
  • maximum 29 points (7 x 4 + 1)
  • to pass the test, you need to score 19 points or more
  • If a student fails all 3 terms, the ORAL credit is allowed only in case she/he achieved at least 15 points from at least one test. ORAL credit will be examined by 2 teachers, and a student has 2 attempts in maximum for passing it.
Last update: Štaud František, prof. PharmDr., Ph.D. (08.01.2018)
Literature -

Obligatory:

  • null. . In Ritter, James Henderson, Graeme Loke, Yoon Kong MacEwan, David J. Rang, H. P.. Rang and Dale's pharmacology . null: null, 2020, s. -. ISBN 978-0-7020-7448-6..

  • null. . In Lüllmann, Heinz, Mohr, Klaus, Hein, Lutz. Color atlas of pharmacology . null: null, 2018, s. -. ISBN 978-3-13-241143-2..

  • null. . In Katzung, Bertram G. (ed.). Basic and clinical pharmacology . null: null, 2018, s. -. ISBN 978-1-259-64115-2..

Last update: prepocet_literatura.php (19.09.2024)
Syllabus -

General pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics

  • Types of drug transport across biological membranes
  • Absorption of drugs; factors influencing absorption
  • Distribution of drugs in organism; factors influencing distribution
  • Distribution - physiological barriers
  • Metabolism of drugs; factors influencing metabolism
  • Mechanisms of drugs excretion; factors influencing excretion
  • Basic pharmacokinetic parameters, calculation, practical significance in pharmacotherapy
  • Factors influencing pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

  • Mechanisms of drug actions
  • Quantitative (graded) and quantal (population) dose (concentration)-response relationships. Therapeutic index
  • Drug interactions
  • Adverse and toxic effects of drugs
  • Drug dependence, basic types
  • Preclinical testing of drugs
  • Clinical testing of drugs
  • Pharmacology and human genome (pharmacogenomics)

 

Special pharmacology

Pharmacology of the peripheral nervous system

  • Autonomic nervous system – muscarinic agonists (parasympathomimetics). Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (indirect cholinomimetics)
  • Autonomic nervous system – muscarinic antagonists (parasympatholytics)
  • Autonomic nervous system – adrenoceptor agonists (sympathomimetics)
  • Autonomic nervous system – adrenoceptor antagonists (sympatholytics)
  • Neuromuscular-blocking drugs
  • Local anaesthetics

Pharmacology of the kidneys

  • Diuretics

Pharmacology of the cardiovascular system (and risk factors)

  • Pharmacotherapy of dyslipidaemias
  • Vasoactive drugs; pharmacotherapy of arterial hypertension
  • Pharmacotherapy and prevention of ischaemic heart disease
  • Pharmacotherapy of heart failure
  • Pharmacotherapy of cardiac dysrhythmias

Pharmacology of the CNS (part I)

  • Pharmacotherapy of Parkinson´s disease
  • Current pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer´s disease
  • General anaesthetics

Vitamins

  • Overview, indications, toxicity
Last update: Štaud František, prof. PharmDr., Ph.D. (07.01.2018)
Learning resources
Last update: Štaud František, prof. PharmDr., Ph.D. (07.01.2018)
Learning outcomes

   

The subject Pharmacology I builds on the knowledge and skills acquired in the subjects Physiology and Pathophysiology and links the acquired knowledge with the subjects Pharmaceutical Chemistry I and II.  

After completing the course, the student understands the general principles of pharmacology of drugs, both in the field of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug development. They also have the necessary knowledge of the pharmacology of the cardiovascular system, understand the pharmacological principles affecting the peripheral nervous system and also selected chapters in the pharmacology of the central nervous system (overview of CNS neurotransmitters, pharmacology of neurodegenerative diseases, general anaesthetics).  

  

Learning outcomes:  

In general pharmacology, students build on the knowledge and skills they have acquired:  

  • Define the concepts of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.  

  • They can use examples to explain the principles of drug action through both receptor types and non-receptor mechanisms, including non-specific  

  • Define the quantitative and qualitative aspects of drug-receptor interaction, explain the differences between these and derived IC50s, define the term agonist/antagonist, therapeutic index of a drug and its relevance to therapy.  

  • Explain the basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), their nature and examples of drugs affected by such ADRs  

  • Explain the principle of drug interactions and their significance, using examples to define pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug interactions.  

  • Discuss the basic principles of addictive substance dependence, identifying the drugs involved, explaining the principles of addiction and the mechanisms of its resolution and prevention   

  • Explain the basic pharmacokinetic processes - absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs, defining the relevant mathematical parameters that describe them - bioavailability, volume of distribution, clearance, plasma half-life of drugs and drug elimination constant. They can explain the mathematical relationships between them.  

  • They can calculate basic pharmacokinetic parameters based on appropriate input of other related pharmacokinetic data. 

  • They discuss the factors influencing each pharmacokinetic process and give examples of drugs affected.  

  • Explain the basic principles of pharmacogenomics and use examples to discuss its impact on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of drugs  

  • As part of the special pharmacology covered in the FGLI course, students will build on the knowledge they have acquired:  

  • Explain the possibilities of drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system, define the receptors through which drugs can act, examples of these substances, their effects and therapeutic uses in the context of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences   

  • List and explain the basic mechanisms of action of drugs on vascular smooth muscle and give relevant examples  

  • Explain the principles of drug action on the cardiovascular system, the therapeutic uses of specific drugs, their mechanisms of action in the context of affecting blood pressure, heart failure and IHD.  

  • They will be able to list an overview of the neurotransmitters in the CNS and the general principles of their influence within each area of pharmacotherapy.  

  • Explain the mechanisms of action of drugs used for local and general anaesthesia, give examples of such agents and discuss their potential side effects and interactions.  

  • Explain current options for influencing the development of neurodegenerative diseases, using specific examples of drugs to discuss specific mechanisms of therapeutic action and associated AEs and potential drug interactions of such agents. 

  • On the basis of the provided list of drugs for FGLI, they will be able to classify each of the drugs into a pharmacodynamic group, explain the mechanism of action, discuss the use of these drugs in therapy and describe possible side effects and corresponding important drug interactions. 

Last update: Štaud František, prof. PharmDr., Ph.D. (26.03.2025)