Xenobiochemistry - GAF237
Title: Xenobiochemistry
Guaranteed by: Department of Biochemical Sciences (16-16160)
Faculty: Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
Actual: from 2023
Semester: winter
Points: 0
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: winter s.:oral
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:28/14, Ex [HS]
Capacity: 50 / 50 (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Explanation: (F 3.r.)
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
course can be enrolled in outside the study plan
enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: prof. Ing. Vladimír Wsól, Ph.D.
Co-requisite : GAF141
Is co-requisite for: GAF267, GAF361
Examination dates   WS schedule   
Annotation -
Xenobiochemistry provides the basics necessary for understanding of xenobiotic metabolism, especially drugs and contaminants of environment. It explains the causes of the pharmacological and toxicological consequences of their presence in the living organism. In the subject Xenobiochemistry, the students gain basic knowledge on the metabolism of xenobiotics in the organism, biotransformation enzymes and transport systems and factors influencing the metabolism of xenobiotics.
Last update: Wsól Vladimír, prof. Ing., Ph.D. (16.09.2024)
Course completion requirements

Before the planned exam, it is necessary to obtain credit, by successfully defending the seminar work, which must be registered in the SIS. The exam is only oral. Detailed information is always in folders on the web for the subject.

Last update: Wsól Vladimír, prof. Ing., Ph.D. (16.09.2024)
Literature - Czech

Povinná:

  • Gibson, G. Gordon Skett, Paul. Introduction to drug metabolism. Cheltenham, UK: Nelson Thornes Publishers, 2001, 256 s. ISBN 0-7487-6011-3.

  • Xenobiochemistry

Last update: prepocet_literatura.php (19.09.2024)
Syllabus -

  1. Pathways of drug metabolism

    Introduction, Phase I metabolism (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, hydration), Phase II metabolism (conjugation with sugars, sulfation, methylation, acetylation, amino acid conjugation, glutathione conjugation, fatty acid conjugation)

  2. Enzymology and molecular mechanisms of drug metabolism reactions

    Introduction, oxidases (cytochrome P450 superfamily, Flavin-containing monooxygenases), reductases (Aldo-keto reductase superfamily, SDR superfamily), transferases

  3. Induction and inhibition of drug metabolism

    Introduction, induction of drug metabolism in experimental animals and man, molecular mechanisms of induction, molecular mechanisms of inhibition

  4. Factors affecting drug metabolism: Internal factors

    Introduction, species differences, genetic differences, age, hormonal control of drug metabolism, the effect of disease

  5. Factors affecting drug metabolism: External factors

    Dietary factors, environmental factors

  6. The clinical relevance of drug metabolism

    Introduction, Pharmacokinetics, Methods for studying drug metabolism in man, clinical relevance of drug metabolism

     

Seminars

PowerPoint presentation of seminar work of students (one chosen clinically relevant enzyme for each student)

Last update: Wsól Vladimír, prof. Ing., Ph.D. (16.09.2024)
Learning outcomes

  

The course Xenobiochemistry builds upon the knowledge and skills acquired in the course General Biochemistry.
After completing the course, students are able to explain the following terms (including their commonly used abbreviations): xenobiotics, xenobiotic metabolism in the organism, Phase I and Phase II of biotransformation, oxidation, reduction, and hydrolytic reactions, conjugation reactions, microsomal and cytosolic enzymes, DME (drug-metabolizing enzymes), biotransformation enzymes (CYP, FMO, AKR, SDR, UGT, GST, SULT, NAT, MT), xenobiotic transport systems (ABC, OATP, SLC, MATE), and factors influencing xenobiotic metabolism (intra-individual and inter-individual), induction and inhibition of DME, and genetic polymorphism.

Learning Outcomes
Based on the acquired knowledge and skills, students are able to:

  • Define xenobiotics, their toxicity, and their fate in the organism, including Phase I and II biotransformation;

  • Describe drug biotransformation studies and recommend and explain the use of various model systems;

  • Classify biotransformation enzymes according to the reactions they catalyze;

  • Discuss the significance of the regulation (induction, inhibition) of biotransformation enzymes in humans;

  • Explain the role of nuclear receptors in the regulation of DME activity using examples;

  • Evaluate the importance of xenobiotic transporters in drug resistance;

  • Distinguish different factors affecting xenobiotic metabolism;

  • Assess the significance of the induction and inhibition of biotransformation enzymes in drug interactions and provide specific examples.

Last update: Wsól Vladimír, prof. Ing., Ph.D. (12.06.2025)