Human Morphology and Physiology - GAF181
Title: Human Morphology and Physiology
Guaranteed by: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (16-16150)
Faculty: Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
Actual: from 2024
Semester: winter
Points: 0
E-Credits: 8
Examination process: winter s.:oral
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:56/20, C+Ex [HS]
Capacity: unlimited / unlimited (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Explanation: (F,2.r.)
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
course can be enrolled in outside the study plan
enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D.
Classification: >
Comes under: 2.ročník 2024/25 Pharmacy (EN19)
Co-requisite : GAF141, GAF394
Pre-requisite : GAF387
Is co-requisite for: GAF309, GAF184, GAF137, GAF155, GAF143, GAF141, GAF394
Examination dates   WS schedule   
Annotation -
This subject is a summary of basic knowledge of the human body. Describes morphology dealing with the description of the human body in the form of a macroscopic view (anatomy) or microscopic structure (histology). Medical Physiology is a science that deals with a comprehensive interpretation of the physical and biochemical activity of a healthy organism, both at the level of the whole and of the individual systems, organs, tissues, and cells. This subject is a summary of the basic knowledge of each health worker.
Last update: Hronek Miloslav, doc. PharmDr., Ph.D. (20.09.2024)
Course completion requirements -

Ø  No unexcused absence in the practical classes (otherwise – credit will not be granted). In case of missing the class (maximum twice a semester) →

o   Missing for illness – paper from the physician

o   The compensation for an absence – seminary work (alternative protocol)

o   In the case of more than two absences per semester, it is necessary to compensate for these absences with paid extra classes

Ø  There are 8 tests (6 regular tests, 5 points from each test + 2 review tests, each for 7 points) with a maximum of 44 points. A minimum of 26 points (60 %) is needed for the credit; otherwise, a summary credit test will be necessary (20 questions from the whole semester).

o   There will be 4 dates for credit tests in the winter semester only.

o   In case of missing for illness (maximum twice a semester), the point limit will be reduced (60% of the maximum points possible to get). However, suppose you miss more than twice for illness. In that case, the summary credit test will be necessary, even if the point limit is met.

Ø  Late arrival at practical classes (5 or more minutes late) means extra seminar work. Therefore, there is no possibility of participating in the class.

Ø  The condition of credit is also submission of all protocols and seminary works by the set deadlines.

Ø  DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOUR DURING THE PRACTICAL CLASSES → DISQUALIFICATION FROM PRACTICALS. 2 DISQUALIFICATIONS → CREDIT WILL NOT BE GRANTED.

Ø  When the epidemiological situation changes, the teaching of practical classes can be transferred to the online form with the changes in credit rules.

Last update: Hronek Miloslav, doc. PharmDr., Ph.D. (23.09.2024)
Literature - Czech

Povinná:

  • Tortora, Gerard J. Derrickson, Bryan. Principles of anatomy and physiology. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley, 2011, 2 s. ISBN 978-0-470-14113-7.

  • Waugh, A., Grant, A.. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness. Edinburg: Elsevier, 2011, s. ISBN .

Last update: Hronek Miloslav, doc. PharmDr., Ph.D. (20.09.2024)
Teaching methods -

Lectures

Practical Training

Seminars

Last update: Hronek Miloslav, doc. PharmDr., Ph.D. (20.09.2024)
Requirements to the exam -

Conditions for examination from Human Morphology and Physiology

1. To pass the Credit.

2. The examination consists of Oral examination

3. A registration for the examination on SIS only.

 

 

Rules for oral examination:

 questions for the oral examination are placed on the website www.faf.cuni.cz (Study material for students),

 3 questions 1 from morphology and 2 from physiology,

 the examination will take place in teacher´s office at the Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.

Last update: Hronek Miloslav, doc. PharmDr., Ph.D. (20.09.2024)
Syllabus -

Morphology

Cytology and general histology

  • definition, status among the biological sciences
  • its importance in teaching and research in pharmaceutical professions
  • cell structures and their functions
  • types of intercellular junction
  • types of tissues and their origins
  • general anatomical nomenclature, topographical relations within the body

Osteology, myology

  • nomenclature
  • the skeletal system, articulations
  • the muscular system

Heart, angiology

  • structure and location of the heart
  • overview of the organisation of the vascular and lymphatic systems
  • organs of formation and obstruction of haematological particles (organs RES)

The respiratory system, its organisation and location

  • nose
  • pharynx, larynx
  • trachea, bronchi
  • lungs

The digestive system, its organisation and location

  • mouth, oesophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • pancreas, gallbladder

The urinary system, its organisation and location

  • kidney
  • ureters, urinary bladder
  • urethra

The reproductive systems

  • male reproductive system
  • female reproductivesystem
  • embryonic development

Endocrine gland

  • hypophysis
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid glands
  • pancreas
  • adrenal glands
  • pineal gland
  • thymus gland

Nervous system

  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • spinal and cranial nerves
  • sensory and motor pathways
  • the autonomic nervous system
  • the general and special senses

Physiology

Introduction to fysiology

  • definition
  • its importance in teaching and research in pharmaceutical professions

General physiology, blood, lymph, RES

  • general problems of homeostasis
  • physiological experiments
  • experimental animals
  • functions and characteristics of blood
  • components of blood (plasma, formed elements)
  • coagulation, fibrinolysis
  • blood grouping (ABO, Rh)
  • lymph, RES

The cardiovascular system

  • cardiac cycle
  • blood flow, blood pressure
  • cardiac output (frequency, contractility ...)
  • pacemaker and conduction system
  • electrocardiography
  • control of cardiovascular system
  • lymphatic system, imunity´

The respiratory system

  • pulmonary ventilation (inspiration, exspiration)
  • pulmonary aír volumes and capacities
  • exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, their transport
  • control of respiration

The digestive system

  • physiology of the digestion in the mouth, oesophagus
  • digestion in the stomach (mechanical, chemical), its regulation
  • digestion in the small and large íntestine, absorption
  • faeces, defecation
  • liver and gallbladder, bile
  • pancreas, pancreatic juice

Metabolisms, muscular system

  • carbohydrate, lipid, protein metabolism
  • Krebs cycle, enzymes of Krebs cycle
  • coupling of anabolism and catabolism by ATP
  • basal metabolism
  • body heat (production, measuring, loss)
  • minerals, water
  • vitamins
  • contraction of muscle - role of contraction proteins, of calcium, regulator proteins,
  • ATP, phosphates, lactic acid etc.
  • isometric and isotonic contractions

The reproductive systems, pregnancy

  • male reproduetive system, hormonal regulation
  • female reproductive system, phases of female reproductive cycle, hormonal regulation
  • physiology of reproduction and ageing
  • sexual act
  • pregnancy: embryonic development, hormones of pregnancy, gestation
  • parturition and labor
  • lactation

The urinary system

  • glomerular filtration
  • tubular reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule
  • the loop of Henle - its purpose
  • tubular reabsorption and secretion in distal convoluted tubule
  • evaluation of kidney function
  • urine, its volume and composition
  • function of urethers, urinary bladder, urethra

The endocrine system

  • comparison of nervous and endocrine systems
  • mechanism of hormonal action
  • circulating and local hormones
  • hypothalamus and pituitary gland (hypophysis), anterior and posterior pituitary gland
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid glands
  • adrenal (suprarenal) glands
  • pancreas
  • ovaries and testes
  • pineal gland
  • thymus gland
  • other endocrine tissues
  • eicosanoids, growth factors, stress and the general adaptation syndrome

Physiology of nervous systém

  • general neurophysiology
  • regeneratíon of the nervous tissue
  • the general and the special senses
  • the spinal cord
  • the brain
  • the cranial and spinal nerves
  • physiology of sensory pathways
  • physiology of motoric pathways

physiology of the autonomic nervous system

Last update: Hronek Miloslav, doc. PharmDr., Ph.D. (20.09.2024)
Learning resources -

Study material (intranet):  https://intranet.faf.cuni.cz/Study-materials/KBLV/?path=human+morphology+and+physiology

Last update: Hronek Miloslav, doc. PharmDr., Ph.D. (20.09.2024)
Learning outcomes -

The course Human Morphology and Physiology provides students with fundamental knowledge of the structure and functions of the human body. It integrates information from cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels, forming a foundation for advanced biomedical studies and clinical applications.
The learning outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
• Explain the principles of homeostasis and describe the regulatory mechanisms maintaining internal balance.
• Identify and characterize the structural organization of the human body, including cellular, tissue, and organ levels.
• Describe the basic histological structure and function of different types of human tissues.
• Analyze mechanisms of transport across membranes and explain their physiological significance.
• Explain the structure and function of key physiological systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and endocrine systems.
• Describe the role of the musculoskeletal system in movement and support.
• Interpret the functions of the immune system and its role in defending the body against pathogens.
• Characterize the physiological aspects of metabolism, energy balance, and body composition.
• Explain the hormonal regulation of physiological processes, including reproductive functions.
• Describe the processes of sensory perception and neural integration.
• Evaluate physiological responses to internal and external stimuli, including stress and adaptation mechanisms.
These learning outcomes provide students with a comprehensive understanding of human morphology and physiology, supporting their future academic and professional development.

Last update: Navrátilová Lucie, Ing. (05.06.2025)