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Last update: Bc. Iva Malířová (18.09.2023)
Credit of the practice before state exam: Preparation of printed version of the state exam work (elected topic from hygiene or social medicine) or submite the Statement of Practice. The theoretical exam - student answers 1 of following questions in front of a commission. In case of insufficient knowledge the student can repeat the exam on an alternative date according to the Study Rules of the Faculty.
THE QUESTIONS FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION 2021/2022
Question No. 1 a) Health damage of workers occupationally exposed to noise. Possibilities of prevention. b) Addictive behavior. Addiction to alcohol (alcohol intoxication, acute, chronic, health/social consequences). c) Social medicine. Public health; definition, concept, objectives, the view from the history to modern era. Major public health problems in European countries.
Question No. 2 a) Basic characteristics of environmental/occupational exposure (organism, environmental factors, identification, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects). b) Primary and early secondary prevention of cervix uteri carcinoma. c) Epidemiology. The role of epidemiology. The relationship between epidemiology and clinical medicine. Epidemiological studies.
Question No. 3 a) Addictive behavior. Addiction of cannabis type, volatile substances/inhalants, central depressants. b) Hospital hazards (chemical, genotoxic). Ways of prevention. c) Health promotion and disease prevention. Levels of prevention. Examples of preventive measures.
Question No. 4 a) Major contaminants in drinking water (non-carcinogenic/carcinogenic hazard). Bottled water. Recommendation to adults and children. b) Hygiene of children: child development, preventive check-ups in CR and your country. Health consequences of education. c) Observational epidemiology. Evidence based medicine. How to use it for practice?
Question No. 5 a) Health nutrition - role of fats in nutrition. b) Health effects of smoking. Prevalence of smoking habits. Possibilities of prevention, mainly health prevention. c) Experimental epidemiology. Potential errors in epidemiological studies. Random error. Systematic error. Bias. Confounding.
Question No. 6 a) The main exposure pathways of contaminants (respiratory tract, GIT, skin) and body defense. b) Direct health effects of nutrition – malnutritions (overnutrition, undernutrition). Healthy food recommendations. c) Quality of health care. Health care quality assessment. Interventions for improving quality of health care.
Question No. 7 a) Environmental and occupational hazards and exposures. The main environmental contaminants (overview and resources). b) Health damage of workers occupationally exposed to vibration. Possibilities of prevention. c) World Health Organization and its role in public health. HFA in the 21st century. Health 2020. Equity in health.
Question No. 8 a) Hospital hazards (physical and biological). Most frequent professional diseases of health care workers. b) Environmental and life style factors contributing to the carcinogenesis. Identification of carcinogens (overview of possibilities). Classification according to IARC (Group 1, 2A, 2B examples). c) Health care systems – basic characteristics. The principle of solidarity. Indicators of health care systems. Health care system in the Czech Republic. Health care system in your country.
Question No. 9 a) Occupational skin illnesses. Possibilities of prevention – collective and individual. Absolute and relative contraindications for work at risk. b) Nutrition of children – nutrition in pregnancy, breastfeeding, complementary foods, nutrition of older children. c) Stress in health professionals; factors related to specific aspects of medical profession and working conditions. Burnout syndrom; key risk factors, prevention, intervention.
Question No. 10 a) Enhanced susceptibility to environmental (occupational) exposure. b) Primary and early secondary prevention of colorectal carcinoma. c) Social patterns of illness – geography, occupation, gender, ethnicity, unemployment, age, social class.
Question No. 11 a) Ways of prevention in occupational medicine – collective (technical, technological, organizational) and individual (PPE, medical periodical preventive check – ups). b) Factors affecting the quality of the internal environment (temperature, humidity, lighting, air ionization). c) Screening. Criteria for a screening program. Sensitivity, specificity of a screening test.
Question No. 12 a) Indirect risks of nutrition – physical and biological contamination of nutrition. Foodborne infections. Food poisoning. Prevention. b) Ionizing radiation - effect to organism. c) Demography. The structure of the population. Distribution by sex and age. Current world demographic trends.
Question No. 13 a) Prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Table of coronary risk. b) Factors affecting the quality of the internal environment (chemicals, pollen, mold, mites, plant toxins and allergens). Sick building syndrome and building related illnesses. Interior decontamination (possibilities). c) Psychosocial aspects of mental health. Stigma and stereotyped images of mentally ill people. Other stigmatized groups of patients. Prevention of stigma and discrimination.
Question No. 14 a) Outdoor air pollution – sources and nature of ambient air pollutants (smog, particulate matters, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, ozone). Possibilities of prevention. b) Addictive behavior. Addiction to opiates, psychostimulants, dance drugs, hallucinogens. c) Health and disease. Determinants of health and disease. Ways of influencing the determinants on various dimensions.
Question No. 15 a) Ionizing radiation - protection and dosimetry. b) Anti-smoking activities – smoking cessation (nicotine replacement therapy, non-nicotine pharmacological therapy). Program 4 A. c) Health legislation. Informed consent. Patient´s refusal. Health documentation.
Question No. 16 a) Occupational health – categories of risky professions, their proclamation (risk factors, OELs, BELs) and importance for health prevention. b) Main risks in children age – infections, injuries and the others. Ways of prevention. c) Public health policy. Priorities for health care. Assessing needs.
Question No. 17 a) Nosocomial infections (transmission – sources, susceptible host, means of transmission). Possibilities of prevention. b) Hazardous wastes (sources, hazards, management). c) Types of health care. Self-care. Family care. Community care. Professional care. Instrumental support. Emotional support. The rights of patients.
Question No. 18 a) Carcinogens and related types of cancer. Occupational exposure to carcinogens - principles of prevention (ALARA). Carcinogenicity tests (in vivo, in vitro). b) UV light – effect to organism, prevention. c) Medical ethics. Ethical principles in clinical practice, research and training. Overview of current ethical dilemmas in medicine.
Question No. 19 a) Non-ionizing radiation (visible light, IR, microwaves, radio/TV waves, lasers). b) Wellness (parts of healthy life style). Basic types of physical activity. Health benefits and risks of physical activity. c) The ageing of population. Special care for elderly. Hospices. Ethical dilemmas in death and dying. Euthanasia controversy, different attitudes, practices and disapprovals. International perspective and experience.
Question No. 20 a) Health damage of workers occupationally exposed to dust. Possibilities of prevention – collective and individual. b) Basic principles (recommendations) of suitable physical activity (type, volume, intensity, frequency). General recommendation for appropriate physical activity. Different types of physical activity. CORE. c) Measurement of population health, data sources. Morbidity, measures of disease frequency (Prevalence. Incidence. Prevalence rate. Incidence rate. Risk. Case – Fatality).
Question No. 21 a) Health effects of stress. Sources of inadequate mental stress at work – possibilities of prevention. Burnout syndrome. b) Indirect risks of nutrition – chemical contamination (Pb, Hg, Cd), food additives; prevention. c) Mortality, data sources, basic indicators. Life expectancy. Standardized rates.
Question No. 22 a) Assessment of neuropsychic load (possible methods). Examples of workplaces in higher risk of mental stress. b) Determinants of biological answer to chemicals. Basic (4) mechanisms of adverse effect (examples). c) Cultural influence on health beliefs and health behavior. Examples of culturally related syndromes/diseases. Culturally sensitive approach in clinical practice.
Question No. 23 a) Classification of adverse effects of chemicals (local effects, systemic effects). Biological interactions between chemicals (examples). b) Primary and early secondary prevention of breast carcinoma. c) Quality of life. Quality of life measures. Health-related quality of life.
Question No. 24 a) Health consequences of night shifts. Absolute and relative health contraindications. b) Health nutrition – role of proteins and carbohydrates in nutrition. c) Ethical aspects of communication between doctor and patient. Informed consent in clinical medicine and research.
Question No. 25 a) Primary and early secondary prevention of skin carcinoma. b) Health risk assessment procedure and its relationship to the final legislative decisions. c) Bio-psycho-social model and interdisciplinary collaboration in medicine. Medicalisation; definition, factors, examples, and consequences.
Question No. 26 a) Primary and early secondary prevention of prostate carcinoma. b) Drinking water (sources, quality indicators, analyses). c) Health care planning and evaluation. The planning cycle. Health economics. Efficacy. Effectiveness. Efficiency. Techniques of health care evaluation. QALY.
Question No. 27 a) Primary and early secondary prevention of lung cancer. b) Important hazardous industrial chemicals (arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury). c) Mental health in European and global perspective. Green Paper and similar documents regarding health in Europe. Family approach and community services in mental health.
Question No. 28 a) Important hazardous industrial chemicals (benzene, PAHs, formaldehyde, organophosphates). b) Risky factors of cardiovascular diseases - overweight and obesity, blood lipids (risk identification, ways of prevention). c) Measuring health and disease. Measures of effect (rate ratio, risk ratio, odds ratio, risk difference). Measures of association (population attributable risk).
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