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Course, academic year 2024/2025
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Pathological Physiology I. - EP0102090
Title: Patologická fyziologie I.
Guaranteed by: Ústav patologické fyziologie (14-90)
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen
Actual: from 2022
Semester: summer
Points: 3
E-Credits: 3
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:3/3, C [HT]
Capacity: unlimited / unlimited (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
For type:  
Note: deregister from the credit exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
Guarantor: doc. MUDr. Jan Cendelín, Ph.D.
MUDr. Karel Blahna, Ph.D.
MUDr. Jan Barcal, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): MUDr. Jan Barcal, Ph.D.
MUDr. Karel Blahna, Ph.D.
doc. MUDr. Jan Cendelín, Ph.D.
RNDr. Dana Jelínková, Ph.D.
doc. MUDr. Karel Ježek, Ph.D.
Mgr. Štěpán Kápl
Ing. Pavel Klein, Ph.D.
Ing. Zuzana Petránková, Ph.D.
MUDr. Zdeňka Purkartová, Ph.D.
Mgr. Jan Tůma, Ph.D.
Attributes: Povinné předměty pro Všeobecné lékařství
Pre-requisite : EP0101020
Interchangeability : E0106014
Is pre-requisite for: EP0103090
Annotation -
The content of the subject pathological physiology I is general pathophysiology and part of special pathophysiology. General pathophysiology deals with the general principles of origin, development and course of diseases and pathological conditions and pathological phenomena of a general nature. The subject of special pathophysiology is the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases and disorders of specific organs, organ systems and particular diseases. Practical skills related to basic medical procedures and their pathophysiological aspects in the context of theoretical knowledge are also taught. Prerequisites are knowledge from the fields to which pathological physiology follows, i.e., anatomy, histology, embryology, biology, genetics, chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics, physiology and microbiology. The subject of pathological physiology I forms an integral complex with the follow-up subject pathological physiology II, the content is interrelated and complementary.
Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
Course completion requirements -

Conditions for the credit – pathological physiology I:

 

1. Active attending practical exercises – 2 absences per semester are allowed.

For the practical exercises, the student must be theoretically prepared for the topic of the given class and is obliged to acquaint himself with the guideline for the given experiment or task (see study literature). Prerequisites are knowledge from the fields to which the subject pathological physiology I follows, i.e. anatomy, histology, embryology, biology, genetics, chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics, physiology and microbiology. Students, who did not attend the class in time, will be not admitted to the class.

 

2. Submitting of correctly elaborated protocols of all experiments and practical exercises to the teacher, who assesses their correctness and confirms them as fulfilled, or returns them for revision.

 

Students who have the subject enrolled repeatedly must also fulfill the conditions for credit in full.

 

Note:

Pathological physiology I is followed by pathological physiology II completed with a credit and exam and the content of which also covers the knowledge from the pathological physiology I course in its entirety.

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
Literature -

Mandatory literature:

Sobotka a kol.: Patologická fyziologie - Praktikum. 4., upravené vydání, Karolinum, 2012

Nečas a kol.: Obecná patologická fyziologie. Karolinum, 2004 nebo pozdější vydání

Nečas a kol.: Patologická fyziologie orgánových systémů I, II. Karolinum, 2003 nebo pozdější vydání

Rokyta a kol.: Fyziologie a patologická fyziologie pro klinickou praxi. Grada, 2015

Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University or the webpage of the department or provided to students in printed or electronic form.

 

Recommended literature:

Fölsch, Kochsiek, Schmidt: Patologická fyziologie. Avicenum, 2003

Hulín a kol.: Patofyziológia. SAP, 2008

Silbernagl a Lang: Atlas patofyziologie člověka. Grada, 2012

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
Requirements to the exam -

Pathological physiology I is followed by pathological physiology II that is completed with a credit and an exam.

 

Exam conditions in Pathological Physiology II:

The condition for registration for the exam is to obtain a credit in pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II, if not set differently for a specific term.

The student is obliged to register for the exam using SIS (other ways of registration will not be accepted) within the deadline specified in SIS for the given exam date. Registration is necessary for the regular term as well as for potential 1st re-examination or 2nd re-examination. The condition for registration for the exam is to obtain a credit (if not specified differently for a particular exam date). For exam dates, the impossibility of registering if less than 5 days before this date the student’s regular or 1st re-examination term was classified "fail" can be set. Some exam dates can be limited to regular examination, the 1st re-examination or the 2nd re-examination.

 

The required knowledge contains curriculum of both subjects pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II. Knowledge of other subjects to which pathological physiology follows is also necessary (see syllabus).

The required knowledge is based on the list of exam questions, detailed syllabi and goals of teaching of the subjects pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II available on the website of the Department of Pathological Physiology:

https://lfp.cuni.cz/ustav-patologicke-fyziologie/

 

The exam consists of a practical exam and oral exam.

 

Practical exam consists of 1 question and description, diagnosis and pathophysiological analysis of 3 ECG records. Failure in the practical exam means classification of the exam “fail”.

 

Oral exam consists of 4 questions. To pass the oral exam, the student must show sufficient knowledge in each of these 4 questions.

 

Final classification takes into consideration not only the performance in the oral exam but also the classification of the practical exam.

 

Practical and oral exams constitute one complex and cannot be separated into two examination terms. In the case of classification of any part of the exam "failed", the student is subjected to both the practical and oral exam again in the 1st or 2nd reexamination.

 

During preparation for the exam, from the moment the first exam question is given, or during the exam itself, students are not allowed to use or carry any electronic devices, including mobile phones, or text or other study materials and aids, except for tools and material provided by the teacher for the purposes of the practical exam. From the moment of giving the first question, during the subsequent preparation and during the exam itself, students are not allowed to leave the room. To prepare for the exam, the student has 30 minutes from the time the questions are given. During the preparation, the student can write notes only on a paper and with a pencil, which are provided to the student by a staff member of the Department of Pathological Physiology. It is not allowed to carry any other paper or notepad.

 

Due to capacity reasons, the exam can be divided into several days within the given exam date. Students are required to attend the appropriate stage of the exam according to the schedule or examiner's instructions.

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
Syllabus -

Pathological physiology I: Syllabus of the subject - General medicine

summer semester 2024/2025

Individual topics can be moved between the subjects pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II.

 

General pathophysiology I

Introduction to the subject, basic terms, disease and its course

Etiological factors

Classification of etiological and risk factors, particular intrinsic and extrinsic etiological factors

Developmental disorders

Causes and mechanisms of developmental disorders, diseases linked to a certain age

Gametopathy, blastopathy, embryopathy, fetopathy, perinatal damage

Growth disorders

Aging, terminal states, death of an individual, cell death

Pathophysiology of immunity

Immunodeficiency, allergy, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, transplantation

Pathophysiology of thermoregulation, fever

Pathophysiology of tumors

Special pathophysiology I

Pathophysiology of the lymphatic system

Pathophysiology of the blood

Changes of blood volume and composition

Disorders of erythrocytes, anemia, polycythemia, polyglobulia, hemolysis

Pathophysiology of leukocytes – changes of number, disorders of function, leukemias

Bleeding, hemorrhagic diathesis, thrombotic states

Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system

Inborn and acquired heart defects

Disturbances of peripheral blood circulation, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction

Ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, arterial hypertension, thromboembolic disease

Cardiac insufficiency and failure, circulatory shock

Heart hypertrophy and dilatation, cardiomyopathy, heart inflammations

Multiorgan dysfunction and multiorgan failure

Pathophysiology of the endocrine system

General causes of diseases of the endocrine glands, mechanisms of endocrine disorders

Pathophysiology of individual endocrine structures and hormones

Pathophysiology of the reproductive system

Pathophysiology of the bones

Pathophysiology of the muscles

Manifestations of diseases of the skeletal muscles and their innervation

Myopathies, muscular dystrophias, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, crush syndrome, compartment syndrome, malignant hyperthermia

Pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract

Pathophysiology of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, gut, exocrine pancreas

Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, constipation, diarrhea, gastrointestinal tract bleeding

Practical knowledge and skills I

Principles of science, statistics, injection technique, anesthesia, pathophysiological aspects of wound treatment, use of electricity in medicine, electrocardiography, blood pressure measurement, examination of hemorrhagic diatheses

 

Detailed syllabi for pathological physiology I and subsequent subject pathological physiology II are available on the website of the Department of Pathological Physiology:

https://lfp.cuni.cz/ustav-patologicke-fyziologie/

 

 

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
Learning outcomes -

    • The student knows the facts in the field of general and special pathophysiology taught in the subject pathological physiology I and listed in the syllabus of the subject pathological physiology I, he can present and logically organize them, recognize and evaluate their importance, present examples of described phenomena.

    • The student can define and explain terms and concepts listed in the syllabus of the subject, he can list, define and explain related terms.

    • For the diseases, pathological states, phenomena and processes listed in the syllabus, the student is able to enumerate and define related terms, describe and explain their causes, origin and risk factors, pathogenesis, manifestations, consequences, potential complications and pathophysiological aspects of basic therapeutic or preventive approaches.

    • The student can evaluate importance of etiological, risk and pathogenetic factors of diseases.

    • The student is oriented in the problems and can explain pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, explain how and why the pathological processes proceed, can use the knowledge of general pathophysiological rules to understand and explain pathophysiology of particular organ systems and diseases and pathological states.

    • The student knows, understands and can explain relations between various parts of special pathophysiology. The student understands and can apply interrelations of individual organ systems under normal and pathological conditions.

    • The student has knowledge of subjects which pathophysiology follows up on, i.e. anatomy, histology, embryology, biology chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics, physiology and microbiology. The student can use this knowledge to understand pathophysiology and can find and explain their relations.

    • The student is able to search in the study literature and other sources for relevant information on the areas defined by the syllabus of subjects pathological physiology I, topics of the lectures and practical exercises and relevant exam questions for the subject pathological physiology II.

    • The student has practical skills in the range defined in the syllabus of the subject and can perform correctly given tasks.

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
Entry requirements -

For the practical exercises, the student must be theoretically prepared for the topic of the given class and is obliged to acquaint himself with the guideline for the given experiment or task (see study literature). Students, who did not attend the class in time, will be not admitted to the class with the sanction of absence.

 

Prerequisites are knowledge from the fields to which the subject pathological physiology follows, i.e. anatomy, histology, embryology, biology, genetics, chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics, physiology and microbiology.

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
 
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