Pathological Physiology I. - EP0102090
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The content of the subject pathological physiology I is general pathophysiology and part of special pathophysiology. General pathophysiology deals with the general principles of origin, development and course of diseases and pathological conditions and pathological phenomena of a general nature. The subject of special pathophysiology is the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases and disorders of specific organs, organ systems and particular diseases. Practical skills related to basic medical procedures and their pathophysiological aspects in the context of theoretical knowledge are also taught. Prerequisites are knowledge from the fields to which pathological physiology follows, i.e., anatomy, histology, embryology, biology, genetics, chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics, physiology and microbiology. The subject of pathological physiology I forms an integral complex with the follow-up subject pathological physiology II, the content is interrelated and complementary.
Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
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Conditions for the credit – pathological physiology I:
1. Active attending practical exercises – 2 absences per semester are allowed. For the practical exercises, the student must be theoretically prepared for the topic of the given class and is obliged to acquaint himself with the guideline for the given experiment or task (see study literature). Prerequisites are knowledge from the fields to which the subject pathological physiology I follows, i.e. anatomy, histology, embryology, biology, genetics, chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics, physiology and microbiology. Students, who did not attend the class in time, will be not admitted to the class.
2. Submitting of correctly elaborated protocols of all experiments and practical exercises to the teacher, who assesses their correctness and confirms them as fulfilled, or returns them for revision.
Students who have the subject enrolled repeatedly must also fulfill the conditions for credit in full.
Note: Pathological physiology I is followed by pathological physiology II completed with a credit and exam and the content of which also covers the knowledge from the pathological physiology I course in its entirety. Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
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Mandatory literature: Sobotka a kol.: Patologická fyziologie - Praktikum. 4., upravené vydání, Karolinum, 2012 Nečas a kol.: Obecná patologická fyziologie. Karolinum, 2004 nebo pozdější vydání Nečas a kol.: Patologická fyziologie orgánových systémů I, II. Karolinum, 2003 nebo pozdější vydání Rokyta a kol.: Fyziologie a patologická fyziologie pro klinickou praxi. Grada, 2015 Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University or the webpage of the department or provided to students in printed or electronic form.
Recommended literature: Fölsch, Kochsiek, Schmidt: Patologická fyziologie. Avicenum, 2003 Hulín a kol.: Patofyziológia. SAP, 2008 Silbernagl a Lang: Atlas patofyziologie člověka. Grada, 2012 Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
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Pathological physiology I is followed by pathological physiology II that is completed with a credit and an exam.
Exam conditions in Pathological Physiology II: The condition for registration for the exam is to obtain a credit in pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II, if not set differently for a specific term. The student is obliged to register for the exam using SIS (other ways of registration will not be accepted) within the deadline specified in SIS for the given exam date. Registration is necessary for the regular term as well as for potential 1st re-examination or 2nd re-examination. The condition for registration for the exam is to obtain a credit (if not specified differently for a particular exam date). For exam dates, the impossibility of registering if less than 5 days before this date the student’s regular or 1st re-examination term was classified "fail" can be set. Some exam dates can be limited to regular examination, the 1st re-examination or the 2nd re-examination.
The required knowledge contains curriculum of both subjects pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II. Knowledge of other subjects to which pathological physiology follows is also necessary (see syllabus). The required knowledge is based on the list of exam questions, detailed syllabi and goals of teaching of the subjects pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II available on the website of the Department of Pathological Physiology: https://lfp.cuni.cz/ustav-patologicke-fyziologie/
The exam consists of a practical exam and oral exam.
Practical exam consists of 1 question and description, diagnosis and pathophysiological analysis of 3 ECG records. Failure in the practical exam means classification of the exam “fail”.
Oral exam consists of 4 questions. To pass the oral exam, the student must show sufficient knowledge in each of these 4 questions.
Final classification takes into consideration not only the performance in the oral exam but also the classification of the practical exam.
Practical and oral exams constitute one complex and cannot be separated into two examination terms. In the case of classification of any part of the exam "failed", the student is subjected to both the practical and oral exam again in the 1st or 2nd reexamination.
During preparation for the exam, from the moment the first exam question is given, or during the exam itself, students are not allowed to use or carry any electronic devices, including mobile phones, or text or other study materials and aids, except for tools and material provided by the teacher for the purposes of the practical exam. From the moment of giving the first question, during the subsequent preparation and during the exam itself, students are not allowed to leave the room. To prepare for the exam, the student has 30 minutes from the time the questions are given. During the preparation, the student can write notes only on a paper and with a pencil, which are provided to the student by a staff member of the Department of Pathological Physiology. It is not allowed to carry any other paper or notepad.
Due to capacity reasons, the exam can be divided into several days within the given exam date. Students are required to attend the appropriate stage of the exam according to the schedule or examiner's instructions. Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
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Pathological physiology I: Syllabus of the subject - General medicine summer semester 2024/2025 Individual topics can be moved between the subjects pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II.
General pathophysiology I Introduction to the subject, basic terms, disease and its course Etiological factors Classification of etiological and risk factors, particular intrinsic and extrinsic etiological factors Developmental disorders Causes and mechanisms of developmental disorders, diseases linked to a certain age Gametopathy, blastopathy, embryopathy, fetopathy, perinatal damage Growth disorders Aging, terminal states, death of an individual, cell death Pathophysiology of immunity Immunodeficiency, allergy, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, transplantation Pathophysiology of thermoregulation, fever Pathophysiology of tumors Special pathophysiology I Pathophysiology of the lymphatic system Pathophysiology of the blood Changes of blood volume and composition Disorders of erythrocytes, anemia, polycythemia, polyglobulia, hemolysis Pathophysiology of leukocytes – changes of number, disorders of function, leukemias Bleeding, hemorrhagic diathesis, thrombotic states Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system Inborn and acquired heart defects Disturbances of peripheral blood circulation, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction Ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, arterial hypertension, thromboembolic disease Cardiac insufficiency and failure, circulatory shock Heart hypertrophy and dilatation, cardiomyopathy, heart inflammations Multiorgan dysfunction and multiorgan failure Pathophysiology of the endocrine system General causes of diseases of the endocrine glands, mechanisms of endocrine disorders Pathophysiology of individual endocrine structures and hormones Pathophysiology of the reproductive system Pathophysiology of the bones Pathophysiology of the muscles Manifestations of diseases of the skeletal muscles and their innervation Myopathies, muscular dystrophias, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, crush syndrome, compartment syndrome, malignant hyperthermia Pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract Pathophysiology of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, gut, exocrine pancreas Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, constipation, diarrhea, gastrointestinal tract bleeding Practical knowledge and skills I Principles of science, statistics, injection technique, anesthesia, pathophysiological aspects of wound treatment, use of electricity in medicine, electrocardiography, blood pressure measurement, examination of hemorrhagic diatheses
Detailed syllabi for pathological physiology I and subsequent subject pathological physiology II are available on the website of the Department of Pathological Physiology: https://lfp.cuni.cz/ustav-patologicke-fyziologie/
Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
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Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
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For the practical exercises, the student must be theoretically prepared for the topic of the given class and is obliged to acquaint himself with the guideline for the given experiment or task (see study literature). Students, who did not attend the class in time, will be not admitted to the class with the sanction of absence.
Prerequisites are knowledge from the fields to which the subject pathological physiology follows, i.e. anatomy, histology, embryology, biology, genetics, chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics, physiology and microbiology. Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (26.09.2024)
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