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Course, academic year 2024/2025
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Pathological Physiology II. - EAP0103090
Title: Pathological Physiology II.
Guaranteed by: Ústav patologické fyziologie (14-90)
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen
Actual: from 2022
Semester: winter
Points: 5
E-Credits: 5
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:2/3, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited / unlimited (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
For type:  
Note: deregister from the credit exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
Guarantor: doc. MUDr. Jan Cendelín, Ph.D.
MUDr. Jan Barcal, Ph.D.
MUDr. Karel Blahna, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): MUDr. Jan Barcal, Ph.D.
MUDr. Karel Blahna, Ph.D.
doc. MUDr. Jan Cendelín, Ph.D.
doc. MUDr. Karel Ježek, Ph.D.
Mgr. Štěpán Kápl
Ing. Zuzana Petránková, Ph.D.
MUDr. Zdeňka Purkartová, Ph.D.
Mgr. Jan Tůma, Ph.D.
Incompatibility : EA0106014
Pre-requisite : EAP0102070, EAP0102080, EAP0102090
Interchangeability : EA0106014
Is pre-requisite for: EAP0104490, EAP0104520, EAP0104440, EAP0104420
Is interchangeable with: EA0106014
Annotation -
The subject of pathological physiology II follows on from the subject of pathological physiology I. Pathological physiology II includes in the all knowledge and skills that are the content of the subject of pathological physiology I. Pathological physiology II adds other areas of general and special pathophysiology. General pathophysiology deals with the general principles of origin, development and course of diseases and pathological conditions and pathological phenomena of a general nature. The subject of special pathophysiology is the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases and disorders of specific organs, organ systems and particular diseases. Practical skills related to basic medical procedures and their pathophysiological aspects in the context of theoretical knowledge are also taught. Prerequisites are knowledge from the fields to which pathological physiology follows, i.e. anatomy, histology, embryology, biology, genetics, chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics, physiology and microbiology. The subject includes practicing and extending knowledge and skills from the subject pathological physiology I and explaining them in the context of new knowledge and skills.
Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (23.09.2024)
Learning outcomes -

  • The subject pathological physiology II follows the subject pathological physiology I. The subject pathological physiology II includes in full extent knowledge and skills of the subject pathological physiology I.
  • The student knows the facts in the areas of general and special pathophysiology defined in the syllabus of the subjects pathological physiology I and II, he can present and logically organize them, recognize and evaluate their importance, present examples of described phenomena.
  • The student can define and explain terms and concepts listed in the syllabus of the subject, he can list, define and explain related terms.
  • For the diseases, pathological states, phenomena and processes listed in the syllabus, the student is able to enumerate and define related terms, describe and explain their causes, origin and risk factors, pathogenesis, manifestations, consequences, potential complications and pathophysiological aspects of basic therapeutic or preventive approaches.
  • The student can evaluate importance of etiological, risk and pathogenetic factors of diseases.
  • The student is oriented in the problems and can explain pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, explain how and why the pathological processes proceed, can use the knowledge of general pathophysiological rules to understand and explain pathophysiology of particular organ systems and diseases and pathological states.
  • The student knows, understands and can explain relations between various parts of special pathophysiology. The student understands and can apply interrelations of individual organ systems under normal and pathological conditions.
  • The student has knowledge of subjects which pathophysiology follows up on, i.e. anatomy, histology, embryology, biology chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics, physiology, microbiology and pathological physiology I. The student can use this knowledge to understand pathophysiology and can find and explain their relations.
  • The student is able to search in the study literature and other sources for relevant information on the areas defined by exam questions and the syllabus of subjects pathological physiology I and II.
  • The student has practical skills in the range defined in the syllabus of the subject and can perform correctly given tasks.
  • The student practices and extends knowledge and skills in the topics of the subject pathological physiology I and puts them into the context of new knowledge.

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (23.09.2024)
Entry requirements -

For the practical exercises, the student must be theoretically prepared for the topic of the given class and is obliged to acquaint himself with the guideline for the given experiment or task (see study literature). Students, who did not attend the class in time, will be not admitted to the class.

 

Prerequisites are knowledge from the fields to which the subject pathological physiology follows, i.e. anatomy, histology, embryology, biology, genetics, chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics, physiology, microbiology, and pathological physiology I.

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (23.09.2024)
Course completion requirements -

The subject pathological physiology II is completed with a credit and an exam. The required knowledge includes also the full content of the course pathological physiology I.

 

Conditions for the credit – pathological physiology II:

 

1. Active attending practical exercises – 2 absences per semester are allowed.

For the practical exercises, the student must be theoretically prepared for the topic of the given class and is obliged to acquaint himself with the guideline for the given experiment or task (see study literature). Prerequisites are knowledge from the fields to which the subject pathological physiology II follows, i.e. pathological physiology I, anatomy, histology, embryology, biology, genetics, chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics, physiology and microbiology. Students, who did not attend the class in time, will be not admitted to the class.

 

2. Submitting of correctly elaborated protocols of all experiments and practical exercises to the teacher, who assesses their correctness and confirms them as fulfilled, or returns them for revision.

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (23.09.2024)
Literature -

Mandatory literature:

Sobotka et al.: Pathophysiology – Laboratory Exercises. 2013, Karolinum, 2013

McPhee, Hammer et al.: Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 6th Edition 2010 (or later issues)

Educational materials of the Department of Pathophysiology published on educational portals of the Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University or the webpage of the department or provided to students in printed or electronic form.

 

Recommended literature:

Hueher et al.: Understanding Pathophysiology. Elsevier, 2017

McCance and Huether: Pathophysiology, the Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Elsevier, 2019

Banasik and Copstead: Pathophysiology. Elsevier, 2019

Hulín et al.: Pathophysiology. Slovak Academic Press, 1997 (or later issues)

Silbernagl and Lang: Color Atlas of Pathophysiology. 3rd edition, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2016

Price and Wilson et al.: Pathophysiology – Clinical concepts of disease processes. Mosby, Inc., 2003

Guyton: Human physiology and mechanisms of disease. W. B. Saunders Company, the latest issue

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (23.09.2024)
Requirements to the exam -

The condition for registration for the exam is to obtain a credit in pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II, if not set differently for a specific term.

The student is obliged to register for the exam using SIS (other ways of registration will not be accepted) within the deadline specified in SIS for the given exam date. Registration is necessary for the regular term as well as for potential 1st re-examination or 2nd re-examination. The condition for registration for the exam is to obtain a credit (if not specified differently for a particular exam date). For exam dates, the impossibility of registering if less than 5 days before this date the student’s regular or 1st re-examination term was classified "fail" can be set. Some exam dates can be limited to regular examination, the 1st re-examination or the 2nd re-examination.

 

The required knowledge contains curriculum of both subjects pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II. Knowledge of other subjects to which pathological physiology follows is also necessary (see syllabus).

The required knowledge is based on the list of exam questions, detailed syllabi and goals of teaching of the subjects pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II available on the website of the Department of Pathological Physiology:

https://lfp.cuni.cz/ustav-patologicke-fyziologie/

 

The exam consists of a practical exam and oral exam.

 

Practical exam consists of 1 question and description, diagnosis and pathophysiological analysis of 3 ECG records. Failure in the practical exam means classification of the exam “fail”.

 

Oral exam consists of 4 questions. To pass the oral exam, the student must show sufficient knowledge in each of these 4 questions.

 

Final classification takes into consideration not only the performance in the oral exam but also the classification of the practical exam.

 

Practical and oral exams constitute one complex and cannot be separated into two examination terms. In the case of classification of any part of the exam "failed", the student is subjected to both the practical and oral exam again in the 1st or 2nd reexamination.

 

During preparation for the exam, from the moment the first exam question is given, or during the exam itself, students are not allowed to use or carry any electronic devices, including mobile phones, or text or other study materials and aids, except for tools and material provided by the teacher for the purposes of the practical exam. From the moment of giving the first question, during the subsequent preparation and during the exam itself, students are not allowed to leave the room. To prepare for the exam, the student has 30 minutes from the time the questions are given. During the preparation, the student can write notes only on a paper and with a pencil, which are provided to the student by a staff member of the Department of Pathological Physiology. It is not allowed to carry any other paper or notepad.

 

Due to capacity reasons, the exam can be divided into several days within the given exam date. Students are required to attend the appropriate stage of the exam according to the schedule or examiner's instructions.

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (23.09.2024)
Syllabus -

Pathological physiology II: Syllabus of the subject - General medicine

The subject pathological physiology II includes in full extent knowledge and skills of the subject pathological physiology I (see syllabus of Pathological Physiology I). Individual topics can be moved between the subjects pathological physiology I and pathological physiology II.

General pathophysiology II

Stress, stress diseases, psychosomatic interactions

Special pathophysiology II

Pathophysiology of the excretory system

Anuria, oliguria, polyuria, proteinuria, hematuria, urolithiasis, excretory system inflammations

Disorders of kidney perfusion, glomerular, tubular and endocrine functions of the kidneys

Acute and chronic renal failure, uremic syndrome, nephrotic and nephritic syndromes

Methods of substitution of renal functions

Pathophysiology of the respiratory system

Hypoxia, hypoxemia, asphyxia, hypercapnia, hypocapnia, dyspnea, orthopnea, cyanosis

Respiratory insufficiency

Disorders of pulmonary ventilation, diffusion, perfusion, disorders of breathing control

Disorders of particular diseases of the respiratory system

Pathophysiology of the pleural cavity, pathophysiology of symptoms of respiratory diseases

Pathophysiology of metabolism

Pathophysiology of energetic metabolism, basal metabolism, obesity, emaciation

Pathophysiology of metabolism of proteins, lipids, saccharides, minerals, trace elements

Disorder of glycaemia regulation, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance

Acid-base balance and its disorders

Pathophysiology of body fluids

Pathophysiology of mineral metabolism

Pathophysiology of nutrition

Pathophysiology of the liver

Causes, mechanisms and manifestation of hepatic disorders, hepatic insufficiency

Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, portal hypertension, ascites, hyperbilirubinemia and icterus

Pathophysiology of the bile tract

Pathophysiology of the nervous system

General causes and mechanisms of diseases and disorders of function of the nervous system

Pathophysiology of the cerebrospinal fluid, synaptic and non-synaptic transmission

Pathophysiology of individual anatomical parts of the peripheral and central nervous system

Pathophysiology of vegetative nervous system, motor function, behavior, affectivity, learning, memory, phatic, gnostic, practic functions, sleep and biorhythms, disorders of consciousness

Developmental disorders, injuries, inflammation in the nervous system, neurodegenerative, demyelinating, cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, secondary brain injuries

Pathophysiology of the epilepsy, intracranial hypertension, brain edema

Pathophysiology of the sensory systems

Pathophysiology of vision, hearing, vestibular system, somesthesia, olfaction and taste, pain

Practical knowledge and skills II

Assessment of body fitness and cardiovascular response to load, examination of pulmonary ventilation, electroencephalography, stereotaxis

Varia

Practicing, extension of knowledge and skills in the topics of pathological physiology I and their explanation in the context of new knowledge

Detailed syllabi of pathological physiology I and II are available on the website of the Department of Pathological Physiology: https://lfp.cuni.cz/ustav-patologicke-fyziologie/

 

 

Last update: Cendelín Jan, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (25.09.2024)
 
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