SubjectsSubjects(version: 978)
Course, academic year 2025/2026
   
Histology and Embryology II. - EAP0102040
Title: Histology and Embryology II.
Guaranteed by: Ústav histologie a embryologie (14-40)
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen
Actual: from 2021
Semester: winter
Points: 6
E-Credits: 6
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:2/3, C+Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited / unlimited (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
For type:  
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
for a repeated registration for Course credit + Exam, the student must have the Course credit exam passed
Guarantor: prof. MUDr. Mgr. Zbyněk Tonar, Ph.D.
prof. MUDr. Milena Králíčková, Ph.D.
MUDr. Věra Křížková, Ph.D.
Teacher(s): Mgr. Tereza Blassová, Ph.D.
doc. Mgr. Yaroslav Kolinko, Ph.D.
prof. MUDr. Milena Králíčková, Ph.D.
MUDr. Věra Křížková, Ph.D.
doc. Ing. Jan Nevoral, Ph.D.
doc. Ing. et Ing. Jiří Polívka, Ph.D.
prof. MUDr. Mgr. Zbyněk Tonar, Ph.D.
Magistra Olena Yakushko
Attributes: Povinné předměty pro Všeobecné lékařství
Incompatibility : EA0103012
Pre-requisite : EAP0101030, EAP0101040
Interchangeability : EA0103012
Is interchangeable with: EA0103012
Annotation -
The student is gradually acquainted with the histological structure of all organ systems and can practically work with the microscope to identify, describe and understand microstructure of individual organs.
The student will learn about the development of a human being from the beginning (gamets and fertilization) to the birth. The student will understand the development of individual organs and organ systems and understand the most common malformations.
Last update: Jiráková Lucie, Bc. (25.10.2022)
Course completion requirements -
The conditions for completing the course are described in the document Histology credit exam and Histology and Embryology II final exam rules in the academic year 2025/26 (see above).
Last update: Merhautová Šárka (26.09.2025)
Literature -
    • Slípka J., Tonar Z.: Outlines of Histology. Karolinum, Prague, 2017.

    • Slípka J., Tonar Z.: Outlines of Embryology. Karolinum, Prague, 2019.

    • Balko J., Tonar Z., Varga I. et al.: Memorix Histology. Triton, Prague, 2018.

    • Mescher A.L.: Junqueira’s Basic Histology. Text & Atlas. 16th edition. McGrawHill, New York, 2021.

    • Sadler T.: Langman´s Medical Embryology, 15th edition, Wolters Kluwer 2023.
Last update: Jiráková Lucie, Bc. (14.11.2023)
Requirements to the exam - Czech

Podmínky získání zápočtu za zimní semestr:
1. Účast na praktických cvičeních - povoleny jsou 2 absence za semestr
2. Úspěšné absolvování zápočtových testů
3. Popis neoznačených preparátů

Podmínky úspěšného absolvování zkoušky:
1. Úspěšné absolvování testu v počítačové učebně 
2. Písemná část - správné nakreslení a popsání čtyř schémat - dvou z obecné histologie a dvou z embryologie
3. Úspěšná identifikace tří preparátů s pomocí mikroskopu
4. Ústní část zkoušky - tři teoretické otázky - jedna z obecné histologie, jedna z mikroskopické anatomie a jedna z embryologie

Last update: Jiráková Lucie, Bc. (25.10.2022)
Syllabus -

 Summary of the lectures - Embryology - Course: Embryology (cuni.cz):

1. INTRODUCTION: Embryological terms. The ethical problems of Embryology. History of embryology. Blastogenesis. Fertilization and differentiation. Cleavage.  

2. BLASTOGENESIS and GASTRULATION: Blastocyst, Implantation, Gastrulation. Origin of the first Germ layers.  

3. NOTOGENESIS (development of notochord). The embryonic disc and its development. Mesoderm and development of somites. Mesenchyme.  

4.  FETAL MEMBRANES AND PLACENTA DEVELOPMENT: Amniotic sac expansion. Rotation of embryo. Amnion. Chorion. Placenta. Embryonic and fetal growth. Marks of the fetal maturity. Delivery.  

5. NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Neural plate, groove and tube. Brain vesicles. Development of sense organs. The eye and inner ear.  

6. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT I.: First embryonic and extraembryonic circulation. Development of major vessels. Aortal arches. Veins.  

7. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. DEVELOPMENT II.: Heart loop. Septation of the atria and ventricles. Common cardial malformations.  

8. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT I.: Delimitation of the yolk sac. Archenteron. Stomodeum. Branchial region. Teeth. Derivatives of the branchial clefts, pouches and arches. Development of tongue.  

9. DIGESTIVE and RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Rotation of Intestine. Liver, pancreas and spleen development. Respiratory passages and lung development.  

10. URINARY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Pronephros. Mesonephros. Metanephros. Urinary passages. Cloaca. 

11. GENITAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Gonade. Wolffian and Müllerian ducts. External genital organs.  

12. OROFACIAL REGION, SKULL and SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT: Nose. Olfactory organ. Upper and lower jaws development. Development of the secondary palate. Cleft malformations. Axial skeleton. Extremities. Skull. Muscles and skin development. 

Summary of the practical sessions. Systematic histology.
General medicine 2nd year. Winter term - Kurz: Special Histology for General Medicine (cuni.cz):

    

1. Introduction, revision. The rules of health security during the teaching process of Histology. 

     Digestive system I: oral cavity: tongue (radix linguae, dorsum linguae), soft palate, lip. Embryology: tooth development. 

2. Digestive system II: oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, colon, appendix vermiformis

3. Digestive system III: liver, gall bladder, salivary glands, pancreas. 

4. Respiratory system: epiglottis, trachea, lung. Urinary system: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder. 

5. Male reproductive system: testis, epididymis, prostate, spermatic cord, scrotum.

6. Female reproductive system I: ovary, uterine tube, uterus. 

7. Female reproductive system II: pregnant uterus, placenta, umbilical cord, vagina, labia minora & majora. 

8. Cardiovascular and lymphatic system: myocard, aorta, femoral artery, artery and vein of the lower extremity, vessels of various organs, capillaries. Lymph node, tonsils, spleen, thymus

9. Endocrine system: hypophysis, suprarenal gland, thyroid gland, pancreas. 

10. Skin: thick and thin type - planta pedis, axilla, eyelid, auricle, mammary gland (inactive and lactating). 

11. Nervous system: spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, peripheral nerve, ganglion. Sensory organs demonstration: eye. 

12. Revision of the whole topic. Examination. Course credit.  

TEST 1: 20.10 - 7.11. 2025 

TEST 2: 17.11. - 5.12. 2025 

TEST 3: 8.12. 2025 - 2. 1. 2026 

FINAL TEST: from 1. 1. 2026 

Last update: Merhautová Šárka (23.09.2025)
Learning outcomes -

Upon completion of the course, the learner will be able to:
  • Classify the types of tissues, cells and components of intercellular matter in organs of the human body.
  • Define and use in the correct context the terms necessary to describe the normal microscopic structure of the organs of the human body.
  • Identify and systematically describe in histological slides the structures important for comparison and differentiation in histological slides of normal human organs, using both light microscopy and scanned virtual slides.
  • Draw and describe simplified diagrams of microscopic preparations of human body organs.
  • Explain the structures on the slide to a second observer (learner or teacher).
  • Identify the organs of the human body from which the microscopic slides were taken.
  • Correlate the microscopic structure of human organs with their function.
  • Describe and explain fertilization, embryonic and fetal body formation, and prenatal organogenesis.
  • Explain the anatomical structure and variability of the organs of the human body in terms of their prenatal development in the following organ systems: cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, respiratory, urinary, male and female genital, and musculoskeletal.
  • Discuss on these topics with an emphasis on the application of this knowledge in contemporary medicine.
  • Solve simplified problems based on knowledge and skills in histology and embryology within the range of recommended resources and learning outcomes detailed for each topic.


Detailed learning outcomes for each topic:


https://histologie.lfp.cuni.cz/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/03/Learning-objectives-for-2nd-year-Histology.pdf
https://histologie.lfp.cuni.cz/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/03/Learning-objectives-for-Embryology.pdf"

Last update: Merhautová Šárka (26.06.2024)
Schedule by date
Day Date Description Teacher Files Note Hodnocení
Wednesday08.10.2025INTRODUCTION: Embryological terms. The ethical problems of Embryology. History of embryology. Blastogenesis. Fertilization and differentiation. Cleavage. prof. MUDr. Mgr. Zbyněk Tonar, Ph.D. 
průměr: 5, hodnoceno: 2x
Wednesday15.10.2025 BLASTOGENESIS and GASTRULATION: Blastocyst, Implantation, Gastrulation. Origin of the first Germ layers. doc. Ing. Jan Nevoral, Ph.D. 
průměr: 5, hodnoceno: 1x
Wednesday22.10.2025NOTOGENESIS (development of notochord). The embryonic disc and its development. Mesoderm and development of somites. Mesenchyme. Ing. Bc. Lucie Vištejnová, Ph.D. 
Wednesday29.10.2025FETAL MEMBRANES AND PLACENTA DEVELOPMENT: Amniotic sac expansion. Rotation of embryo. Amnion. Chorion. Placenta. Embryonic and fetal growth. Marks of the fetal maturity. Delivery. doc. Ing. Jan Nevoral, Ph.D. 
Wednesday05.11.2025NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Neural plate, groove and tube. Brain vesicles. Development of sense organs. The eye and inner ear. doc. Ing. Jan Nevoral, Ph.D. 
Wednesday12.11.2025CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT I.: First embryonic and extraembryonic circulation. Development of major vessels. Aortal arches. Veins. Ing. Bc. Lucie Vištejnová, Ph.D. 
Wednesday19.11.2025CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. DEVELOPMENT II.: Heart loop. Septation of the atria and ventricles. Common cardial malformations. prof. MUDr. Mgr. Zbyněk Tonar, Ph.D. 
Wednesday26.11.2025 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT I.: Delimitation of the yolk sac. Archenteron. Stomodeum. Branchial region. Teeth. Derivatives of the branchial clefts, pouches and arches. Development of tongue. doc. Ing. Jan Nevoral, Ph.D. 
Wednesday03.12.2025 DIGESTIVE and RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Rotation of Intestine. Liver, pancreas and spleen development. Respiratory passages and lung development. doc. Mgr. Yaroslav Kolinko, Ph.D. 
Wednesday10.12.2025 URINARY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Pronephros. Mesonephros. Metanephros. Urinary passages. Cloaca. doc. Mgr. Yaroslav Kolinko, Ph.D. 
Wednesday17.12.2025GENITAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: Gonade. Wolffian and Müllerian ducts. External genital organs. MUDr. Anna Malečková, Ph.D. 
Wednesday07.01.2026 OROFACIAL REGION, SKULL and SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT: Nose. Olfactory organ. Upper and lower jaws development. Development of the secondary palate. Cleft malformations. Axial skeleton. Extremities. Skull. Muscles and skin development. prof. MUDr. Mgr. Zbyněk Tonar, Ph.D. 
 
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