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Oncology is a multidisciplinary field, playing an important role in clinical practice (clinical oncology and radiotherapy) and in research (experimental oncology). Increasing incidence and still high mortality of cancer require the acquisition of basic diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge by all physicians. The task of the oncologist is to assemble an optimal diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for a cancer patient. Clinical oncology requires basic erudition in internal medicine or in pediatrics. General oncology deals with tumor epidemiology, aetiology and pathogenesis of tumor growth, cancer diagnostics, principles of surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological treatment, introduces principles of clinical trials. Special oncology provides information on individual tumors. Last update: Růžičková Iva (14.09.2018)
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Understand the basics of general and special oncology. Acquire the diagnostic and medical skills required for non-specialist doctors. Last update: Růžičková Iva (14.09.2018)
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Following conditions must be completed to get credit: passing a test (minimum score for passing – 80 % of correct answers), attendance of seminars and practicals attendance is checked by a system of attendance tracking cards 20% absence is tolerated (including sick leave, medical appointment or other personal reasons). Exam is oral, students allot 2 general oncology questions and 1 special oncology question. Last update: Růžičková Iva (14.09.2018)
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Neal, A. J.: Clinical oncology : basic principles and practice : Arnold, 2009 (B) +Marsh R. W.: Essentials of clinical oncology :Jaypee brothers med. publ., 2007 (B) Last update: Růžičková Iva (14.09.2018)
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General oncology 1. Epidemiology of cancer 2. Diffenecies between neoplasms in children and adults 3. Risk factors of carcinogenesis 4. Principles of physical, chemical and biological carcinogenesis 5. Principles of genetical cancerogenesis and cancer syndromes 6. Principles of molecular cell biology of cancer 7. Principles of anti-cancer immunity and causes of its failure 8. Principles of cell kinetic, growth and spread of cancer 9. Warnings signs in clinical oncology and their pathological basis 10. Classification of tumors (pathological classification, grading, staging) 11. Skin signs of cancer 12. Neurological symptoms of cancer 13. Eye symptoms of cancer 14. ENT (ear, nose and throat) symptoms of cancer 15. Vomiting - differential diagnosis and evaluation procedures, chemotherapy induced vomiting and its therapy 16. Differential diagnosis and evaluation procedures in symptoms - fever, dyspnoe, pain of extreminties 17. Emergencies in oncology caused by therapy 18. Emergencies in oncology caused by cancer 19. Enlarged abdomen - ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly - differential diagnosis and evaluation procedures 20. Disorders of defecation - differential diagnosis and evaluation procedures 21. Melena and rectorrhagia - differential diagnosis and evaluation procedures 22. Disorders of urination, hematuria - differential diagnosis and evaluation procedures 23. Cancer pain 24. Endocrine symptoms of cancer 25. Paraneoplastic signs and syndromes 26. Imaging methods in oncology 27. Laboratory examination in oncology 28. Endoscopic investigation in oncology 29. Surgical treatment of cancer 30. Mechanism of action of ionizing radiation, sources of radiation in radiotherapy 31. Planning of radiotherapy and therapy by ionizing radiation 32. Acute and late side effects of radiotherapy 33. Cytostatic drugs, mechanisms of their effects 34. Side effects of cytostatics, immunotherapy and targeted (biological) therapy 35. Cancer immunotherapy and targeted (biological) therapy of cancer 36. Principles of hormonal therapy in oncology 37. Supportive care in oncology 38. Late effects of anticancer therapy 39. Paliative, psychological and social care in oncology 40. Prevention of cancer 41. Lymphnodes enlargement syndrom 42. Evaluation of performence status and evaluation of therapeutic response
Special oncology 1. Hodgkin lymphoma 2. Skin cancer 3. Neoplasms of central nervous system 4. Head and neck cancers 5. Cancer of thyroid gland 6. Breast cancer 7. Cancer of the lung and pleura 8. Neoplasms of the mediastinum 9. Cancer of the oesophagus and the stomach 10. Cancer of the liver, biliary system, gallbladder and pancreas 11. Cancers of small intestine, colon and rectum 12. Tumors of the endometrium, cervix, vagina, and vulva 13. Cancers of the ovary 14. Cancer of the testis 15. Prostate cancer 16. Cancer of the kidney 17. Cancer of the renal pelvis, ureter, urine bladder 18. Soft tissue tumors 19. Germ cell tumors 20. Neoplasm of sympathetic ganglion 21. Bone tumors 22. Cancer of the endocrine systém 23. Metastazising cancer of unknown primary site 24. Acute leukemias 25. Chronic leukemias and multiple myeloma 26. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 27. Eye, eye adnex, and orbital tumors Last update: Procházková Helena, Bc. (18.06.2024)
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Type of course: Compulsory, 5th year Guarantor: prof. Tomáš Büchler, MD, PhD – Department of Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital Contacts for students: Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology – secretary, Iva Růžičková, tel. 224436401, iva.ruzickova@fnmotol.cz Renata Formánková, MD,PhD (Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology –deputy haed for education), tel. 224436553, renata.formankova@fnmotol.cz Teaching of oncology is run in blocks on wards of Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and Department of Oncology. Following conditions must be completed to get credit: passing a test (minimum score for passing – 80 % of correct answers), attendance of seminars and practicals attendance is checked by a system of attendance tracking cards 20% absence is tolerated (including sick leave, medical appointment or other personal reasons) and filling out the students' survey. Exam is oral, students allot 2 general oncology questions and 1 special oncology question. Topics: General topics in oncology: Epidemiology and biology of cancer Classification of tumors including pathological and staging Etiology and immunology of cancer Clinical and imaging methods in the diagnostics of cancer Laboratory diagnostics of cancer Differential diagnostics of symptoms (pain, vomiting, disorders of stool and urination, resistance, big abdomen, ENT, neurological, eye and skin symptoms) Basic principles of care of cancer patients Principles of surgery in oncology – indications and contraindcations Principles of chemotherapy, side effects of chemotherapy and mode of action of cytostatics Principles of radiotherapy – types of radiotherapy, indications and contraindications Hormonal therapy Immunotherapy and targeted therapy – principles, side effects and mode of action Treatment of cancer pain Urgent events in oncology caused by cancer and by complications of therapy Supportive care Advances in cancerogenesis and cancer therapy Prevention and screening in oncology Late effects of cancer treatment Paliative therapy, rehabilitation of cancer patients, psychological and social aspects of care for cancer patients Special topics in oncology: CNS tumours Head and neck cancer Tumours of endocrine glands Tumours of the lung, pleura and mediastinum Tumours of the skin Gastrointestinal tumours Breast cancer Tumours of the uropoetic system Tumours of reproductive organs Cancer of children and adolescents Leukemias Last update: Růžičková Iva (20.10.2023)
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