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Oncology is a multidisciplinary field, playing an important role in clinical practice (clinical oncology and radiotherapy) and in research (experimental oncology). Increasing incidence and still high mortality of cancer require the acquisition of basic diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge by all physicians. The task of the oncologist is to assemble an optimal diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for a cancer patient. Clinical oncology requires basic erudition in internal medicine or in pediatrics. General oncology deals with tumor epidemiology, aetiology and pathogenesis of tumor growth, cancer diagnostics, principles of surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological treatment, introduces principles of clinical trials. Special oncology provides information on individual tumors. Last update: Růžičková Iva (14.09.2018)
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Understand the basics of general and special oncology. Acquire the diagnostic and medical skills required for non-specialist doctors. Last update: Růžičková Iva (14.09.2018)
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Following conditions must be completed to get credit: passing a test (minimum score for passing – 80 % of correct answers), attendance of seminars and practicals attendance is checked by a system of attendance tracking cards 20% absence is tolerated (including sick leave, medical appointment or other personal reasons). Exam is oral, students allot 2 general oncology questions and 1 special oncology question. Last update: Růžičková Iva (14.09.2018)
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• The Bethesda Handbook of Clinical Oncology, Wolters Kluwer Health (the most recent edition) • Hoskin P: Clinical Oncology: Basic Principles and Practice, CRC Press (the most recent edition) • Territo MC. Manual of Clinical Oncology, Lippincott (the most recent edition)
General oncology topics - Please see attached file with links Last update: Procházková Helena, Bc. (21.11.2024)
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A. Principles of oncology
1. Cancer epidemiology 2. Differences between tumors in children and adults 3. Modifiable risk factors of cancer 4. Non-modifiable risk factors of cancer 5. Molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis (hallmarks of cancer) 6. Genetic cancer predisposition, hereditary cancer syndromes 7. Antitumor immunity 8. Warning signs of cancer 9. Treatment-induced cancer emergencies 10. Cancer emergencies caused by tumor 11. Paraneoplastic syndromes 12. Psycho-oncology and social care for cancer patients 13. Basic principles of palliative medicine 14. Evaluation of the patient's general condition and assessment of treatment response 15. Molecular genetic testing in oncology - indications and clinical applications
B. Cancer treatment
1. Surgical treatment of tumors 2. Effects of ionizing radiation, sources of radiation in radiotherapy 3. Radiotherapy planning and radiation therapy 4. Acute and late adverse effects of radiation 5. Overview of cytostatics and their mechanisms of action 6. Adverse effects of cytostatics, immunotherapy and targeted (biological) therapy 7. Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells - types and indications 8. Immunotherapy and targeted (biological) treatment of tumors 9. Hormonal treatment of cancer 10. Supportive treatment in oncology 11. Late effects of anticancer treatment 12. Nausea and vomiting – investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment, chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting 13. Management of terminal symptoms 14. Communicating prognosis, talking about goals of care 15. Pain in oncology 16. Cancer treatment in the elderly
C. Specific malignancies
1. Skin cancer 2. Central nervous system tumors 3. Head and neck cancer 4. Thyroid cancer 5. Breast cancer 6. Lung cancer and mesothelioma 7. Esophageal cancer, cancer of the gastroesophageal junction 8. Gastric cancer 9. Liver cancer 10. Pancreatic cancer 11. Neuroendocrine tumors 12. Colorectal cancer, anal cancer 13. Endometrial and cervical cancer 14. Ovarian cancer 15. Testicular tumors 16. Prostate cancer 17. Renal cancer 18. Urinary bladder cancer 19. Soft tissue tumors 20. Bone tumors 21. Carcinoma of unknown primary 22. Acute leukemia 23. Chronic leukemia and other myeloproliferative diseases 24. Multiple myeloma 25. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas 26. Hodgkin's lymphoma 27. Most common childhood cancers (leukemias and lymphomas, CNS tumors, neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, soft tissue and bone sarcomas, retinoblastoma) Last update: Procházková Helena, Bc. (18.06.2024)
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Type of course: Compulsory, 5th year Guarantor: prof. Tomáš Büchler, MD, PhD – Department of Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital Contacts for students: Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology – secretary, Iva Růžičková, tel. 224436401, iva.ruzickova@fnmotol.cz. Ester Zápotocká, MD (Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology –deputy haed for education), tel. 224436564, ester.zapotocka@fnmotol.cz Teaching of oncology is run in blocks on wards of Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and Department of Oncology. Following conditions must be completed to get credit: passing a test (minimum score for passing – 80 % of correct answers), attendance of seminars and practicals attendance is checked by a system of attendance tracking cards 20% absence is tolerated (including sick leave, medical appointment or other personal reasons) and filling out the students' survey. Exam is oral, students allot 2 general oncology questions and 1 special oncology question. Topics: General topics in oncology: Epidemiology and biology of cancer Classification of tumors including pathological and staging Etiology and immunology of cancer Clinical and imaging methods in the diagnostics of cancer Laboratory diagnostics of cancer Differential diagnostics of symptoms (pain, vomiting, disorders of stool and urination, resistance, big abdomen, ENT, neurological, eye and skin symptoms) Basic principles of care of cancer patients Principles of surgery in oncology – indications and contraindcations Principles of chemotherapy, side effects of chemotherapy and mode of action of cytostatics Principles of radiotherapy – types of radiotherapy, indications and contraindications Hormonal therapy Immunotherapy and targeted therapy – principles, side effects and mode of action Treatment of cancer pain Urgent events in oncology caused by cancer and by complications of therapy Supportive care Advances in cancerogenesis and cancer therapy Prevention and screening in oncology Late effects of cancer treatment Paliative therapy, rehabilitation of cancer patients, psychological and social aspects of care for cancer patients Special topics in oncology: CNS tumours Head and neck cancer Tumours of endocrine glands Tumours of the lung, pleura and mediastinum Tumours of the skin Gastrointestinal tumours Breast cancer Tumours of the uropoetic system Tumours of reproductive organs Cancer of children and adolescents Leukemias Last update: Růžičková Iva (24.09.2024)
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