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ENT, or ear, nose and throat medicine is the basic medical specialty. The beginnings fall into the mid-19th century, when otolaryngology gradually developed from otology and laryngology. As one of the first medical disciplines, ENT implemented endoscopic techniques and an operating microscope. Surgical procedures in recent decades cover essentially the entire area of the neck and splanchnocranium, therefore an adjunct head and neck surgery was added to ENT. Knowledge of ENT is indispensable for general practitioners and pediatricians, because they are frequently the first who meet patients with inflammations and tumors in the ENT area. ENT has close relationship to neurology, a common platform is otoneurology, to maxifacial surgery, neurosurgery, a common platform is a skull base surgery, and to ophthalmology. The specifics of the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with hearing loss and deafness, voice and speech disorders lead to development of a phoniatry, follow up specialty. The Department of ear, nose and throat of the 2nd medical faculty is specialized in children's population up to 19 years, which is beneficial in particular for future pediatricians. Practical knowledge of an adult otolaryngology students obtain in cooperation with the “adult” Departments of ENT, head and neck surgery of the 1st medical faculty in Motol hospital and 3rd medical faculty in The Central military hospital in Prague 6.
Last update: Čechová Jana, Mgr. (10.10.2018)
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The goal is to teach future physicians the basic knowledge and practical skills in the range of a routine examination of the oral cavity, nose, nasopharynx, soft tissues of the external neck, including the salivary glands and the thyroid gland and basic examination of the ears and assessment the state of hearing. The future physicians must be able to evaluate the symptoms and findings in the context of the overall status of a patient and lay down a working diagnosis, principles of the treatment and further examination procedures. Stress is laid on an understanding of the physiological and developmental peculiarities of children's and adult age. Special consideration is imposed on a group of life threatening diseases and acute course. The basic skills required for maintaining free airways and for intubation are practiced on the models. Last update: Čechová Jana, Mgr. (10.10.2018)
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Oral exam Last update: Čechová Jana, Mgr. (10.10.2018)
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Becker, W.: Ear, nose and throat diseases a pocket reference : Thieme, 1994 and newest reeditions (B)
+Bluestone, Ch. D.: Pediatric otolaryngology, vol. 1, 2 : W. B. Saunders company, 2003 (E) +Colman, H. B.: Diseases of the nose, throat and ear and head and neck (E) +Clark, G.: Cochlear implants : fundamentals and applicaions (E) Last update: HABET (27.01.2014)
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1. a) Vrozené vady nosu, nosních dutin; rozštěpy Congenital defects of the nose, nasal cavity; clefts.
b) Záněty zevního ucha, perichondritis boltce Inflammation of the external ear, perichondritis of the pinna
c) Benigní nádory ORL u dětí (lymfangiom, hemangiom aj.) Benign ENT tumors in children (lymphangioma, hemangioma etc.)
2. a) Patologie nosní přepážky Pathology of the nasal septum
b) Diferenciální diagnostika výtoku z ucha Differential diagnosis of the aural discharge
c) Nádory hrtanu - benigní, maligní, laryngektomie Laryngeal tumors – benign, malign, laryngectomy
3. a) Poruchy nosní průchodnosti - příčiny, následky, léčba Nasal obstruction – causes, consequences treatment
b) Vrozené malformace ucha Congenital anomalies of the ear
c) Závrať – rozdělení a diferenciální diagnostika Differential diagnosis of dizziness
4. a) Poranění nosu a paranazálních dutin Trauma to the nose and paranasal sinuses
b) Akutní středoušní zánět Acute middle ear inflammation – otitis media
c) Nádory epifaryngu Tumors of the nasopharynx
5. a) Epistaxe Epistaxis
b) Cizí těleso v uchu, cerumen obturans, poškození ucha teplem a chladem Foreign body in the ear, accumulation of the ear wax, frostbite and burns of the pinna
c) Poruchy hlasu a řeči a jejich náprava Voice and speech disorders and their management
6. a) Akutní rhinosinusitis Acute rhinosinusitis
b) Nádory ucha Tumors of the ear
c) Poruchy inervace hrtanu Disorders of laryngeal innervation
7. a) Nosní polypy, chronická rhinosinusitis Nasal polyps, chronic rhinosinusitis
b) Perforace bubínku, myringoplastika Perforation of the eardrum, myringoplasty
c) Zduření na krku, krční uzlinový syndrom Neck masses, cervical lymphadenopathy
8. a) Nádory zevního nosu, nosních a paranazálních dutin Tumors of the external nose, nasal and paranasal sinuses
b) Recidivujíci středoušní záněty u dětí Relapsing otitis media in children
c) Benigní paroxysmální polohové vertigo Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
9. a) Operace na paranazálních dutinách, funkční endoskopická chirurgie Surgery of the paranasal sinuses, functional endoscopic surgery
b) Komplikace zánětů středního ucha Complications of the otitis media
c) Akutní a chronické stenózy hrtanu a průdušnice Acute and chronic laryngeal and tracheal stenoses
10. a) Komplikace zánětů paranazálních dutin Complications of paranasal sinus infections
b) Mastoiditis, latentní mastoiditis Mastoiditis, latent mastoiditis
c) Dušení, tracheotomie, koniotomie, intubace Suffocation, tracheotomy, coniotomy, intubation
11. a) Laterální a mediální krční cysty a píštěle Lateral and medial cervical cysts and fistulae
b) Nedoslýchavost – diagnostika, léčba, sluchadla Hearing loss, diagnostics, treatment, hearing aids
c) Cizí tělesa v zažívacích cestách, dysfagie Foreign bodies in the pharynx and esophagus, dysphagia
12. a) OSAS – obstrukční syndrom spánkové apnoe Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)
b) Komplikace zánětů středouší, labyrintitidy Complications of acute otitis media, labyrinthitis
c) Poleptání jícnu Burns of the esophagus
13. a) Adenoidní vegetace, hypertrofie patrových mandlí, OSAS u dětí Adenoids and tonsillar hyperplasia, OSAS in children
b) Chronický středoušní zánět, cholesteatom středouší Chronic otitis media, middle ear cholesteatoma
c) Nádory orofaryngu a hypofaryngu Tumors of the oropharynx and the hypopharynx
14. a) Akutní a chronická faryngitida Acute and chronic pharyngitis
b) Sekretorická otitida a tubotympanální katar Secretory otitis media, tubotympanal catarrh
c) Periferní vestibulární syndrom Peripheral vestibular syndrome
15. a) Tonsillitidy, rozdělení, léčba Tonsillitis, types, treatment
b) Obrna lícního nervu – dif. dg. Facial nerve palsy – differential diagnosis
c) Maligní nádory ORL u dětí Malignant ENT tumors in children
16. a) Tonsilitis chronica, fokální infekce z mandlí, tonsilektomie Chronic tonsillitis, focal infection, tonsillectomy
b) Vrozené vady sluchu, screening sluchu novorozenců Congenital hearing loss, newborn hearing screening
c) Poranění hrtanu a průdušnice Injuries of the larynx and trachea
17. a) Komplikace tonsillitid, peritonsilární a parafaryngeální absces Complications of,tonsilitis, paratonsillar and parapharyngeal abscess
b) Meniérova nemoc, ušní šelesty - tinitus Ménière´s dinase, tinnitus
c) Akutní záněty hrtanu Acute inflammation of the
18. a) lnfekční mononukleóza Infectious mononucleosis
b) Vyšetření sluchu, klasifikace poruch sluchu Examination of hearing, classification of hearing disorders
c) Akutní epiglotitida, subglotická laryngitida, stridor Acute epiglottitis, subglottic laryngitis, stridor
19. a) Onemocnění slinných žláz Diseases of the salivary glanc
b) Akutní akustické trauma, náhlá ztráta sluchu Acoustic trauma, sudden hearing loss
c) Laryngitis chronica, prekancerózy hrtanu Chronic laryngitis, premalignant lesions of the larynx
20. a) Nemoci štítné žlázy Diseases of the thyroid gland
b) Poranění zevního a středního ucha, zlomeniny spánkové kosti Trauma of the external and middle ear, temporal bone fractures
c) Závrať, vyšetření rovnovážného ústrojí, nystagmus Vertigo, investigation of the vestibular system, nystagmus
21. a) Vrozené vady hrtanu, průdušnice a jícnu Congenital defects of the larynx, trachea and esophagus
b) Chirurgická léčba nedoslýchavosti, tympanoplastiky, mastoidektomie Surgical treatment of conductive hearing loss, tympanoplasties, mastoidectomy
c) Cizí tělesa v dýchacích cestách Foreign bodies in respiratory pathways
22. a) Poranění obličejového skeletu Facial trauma
b) Kochleární implantace, BAHA Cochlear implants, bone anchored hearing aid
c) Diferenciální diagnostika omezení nosní průchodnosti Differential diagnosis of nasal obstruction Last update: Procházka Zdeněk (11.10.2023)
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Topics: 1) Otorhinolaryngology – place and importance in medicine 2) Applied anatomy and physiology of the ear. 3) ENT Clinical Examination – Demonstration, practical training (otoscopy, otomicroscopy, pharyngoscopy, laryngoscopy, rhinoscopy 4) Nasal tamponade for epistaxis - practical course 5) Examination of hearing. Practical demonstration. 6) Remarks to clinical anatomy and physiology of the nose and upper aerodigestive tract 7) Diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Rhinology 8) Otolaryngology in adults with respect to ENT oncology and oncosurgery, sleep apnea, otology, thyreology (The Departments of ENT, Head and neck surgery of the 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University; Motol hospital, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Central Military Hospital, Prague 6, Střešovice) 9) Acute and chronic otitis media 10) Complications of otitis media. 11) ENT oncology, oncosurgery, Thyroid gland surgery with respect to pediatric diseases 12) Hypacusis, deafness, cochlear Implant, BCI (bone conduction implant) 13) Clinical practice in the ward and operating theatre 14) Plastic-reconstructive procedures in ENT. Cleft lip and palate. 15) Burns and foreign bodies of the oesophagus. 16) Acute and chronic Noise-induced hearing impairment, Toxic damage of the inner Ear 17) ENT emergency 18) Endoscopy in otorhinolaryngology 19) Laryngitis, epiglottitis, intubation, tracheostomy 20) Intubation – practical course, training 21) Diseases of the Waldeyer´s ring, adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy 22) Balance disorders, vertigo, otosclerosis 23) Genetics in Otolaryngology with stress on hearing impairment Last update: Čechová Jana, Mgr. (10.10.2018)
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